This study examined the anatomical features of Anacardiaceae from Malaysia. A total of 31 species from 13 genera of the family Anacardiaceae in Malaysia were obtained from Kepong Xylarium (KEPw), Forest Research Institute Malaysia. The genera in Anacardiaceae were distinguished based on anatomical features. The diagnostic anatomical features that were used to separate the genera are scalariform perforations plates present in Campnosperma, larger rays in Pentaspadon and Spondias, and radial canals in some genera. Mineral inclusion, i.e., crystals and silica also could be diagnostic features to distinguish the genera in Malaysian Anacardiaceae; silica was observed in Gluta, Parishia, and Swintonia. Anatomical features could be used as indicators to the other wood properties and lead to potential usage of timber in Anacardiaceae. However, the presence of druses in individual Toxicodendron succedaneum indicated its adaptation to the local microclimatic conditions.
The purpose of this study was to determine the anatomical and physical properties of three lesser-known Malaysian timber species, i.e., mahang (Macaranga hosei), medang (Litsea costalis), and terap (Artocarpus scortechinii). Correlation factors that influenced the density and shrinkage were also discussed. From the results obtained, terap wood had the longest fibre (1421 µm), followed by medang (1309 µm), and mahang (1161 µm). Terap, medang, and mahang were categorized as having very thin fibres. The density of terap, medang, and mahang had average values of 504 kg/m3, 485 kg/m3, and 474 kg/m3, respectively. In addition, terap wood also showed the highest tangential shrinkage (3.8%), followed by mahang (2.2%) and medang (1.5%) wood. This present study showed that the density was significantly influenced by the fibre length, fibre wall thickness, vessel diameter, and number of vessels. In addition, the shrinkage was highly correlated with the density. Based on the conducted research, mahang, medang, and terap show potential as alternative raw material to fulfill demand in wood-based industries.
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