This study aimed to analyze the essence of humans as pedagogic beings by focusing on optimizing fitrah, hearing, sight, and heart as human basic potential, as well as the implications of these various potentials for Islamic education. This study is a literature study whose data comes from documents and analyzed using content analysis method. The results of the study indicate that optimizing fitrah as a basic human potential must be through education and the creation of a conducive environment. Optimization of hearing, sight, and heart as a basic human potential by always directing it to respond to empirical stimuli not only to something that is material in nature but also to something that brings it closer to God. The essence of humans as pedagogical beings has implications for (1) the Islamic education system must be built on the integration between qalbiyah and aqliyah education; (2) Islamic education must be directed at being able to carry out the functions and objectives of the creation of humans (khalifah and ‘abd).
<p class="abstrak" align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong><strong></strong></p><p>This research was aimed at analyzing the 1) existence of the Pondok Pesantren DDI Mangkoso as a traditional Islamic educational institution; 2) the dynamic policy of national education in the period of 1989-2018; 3) various national education policy accommodating by the Pondok Pesantren DDI Mangkoso; and 4) varied obstacles and experienced by the pesantren in accommodating national education policy and the solutions. The results of this research show that the Pondok Pesantren DDI Mangkoso is still kept existing as a traditional Islamic educational institution by preserving five roles: a place transforming classical Islamic sciences, Da’wah institution, Islamic tradition conservationists, Islamic scholar generating center, and community service and empowerment. The position change of pesantren in the national educational policy during 1989 – 2018 implicates dynamiclally to the Pondok Pesantren DDI Mangkoso. The accommodation forms of national education policy conducting by the Pondok Pesantren DDI Mangkoso are classical system, national education curriculum implementation, and standardizing the learning process and educators. Some obstacles facing in accommodating these forms are like culture and organizational structure wrestling, limited resource, and lack of community participation. This research has implications for the importance of the accumulation of cultural values, religious values, and modern values in pesantren so that it can compete amid the progress of educational institutions in general</p><p> </p><p class="abstrak"><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan </em><em>untuk menganalisis 1) eksistensi Pondok Pesantren DDI Mangkoso sebagai representasi lembaga pendidikan Islam tradisonal; 2) dinamika kebijakan pendidikan nasional kurun waktu 1989-2018; 3) ragam kebijakan pendidikan nasional yang diakomodasi oleh Pondok Pesantren DDI Mangkoso; dan 4) ragam hambatan Pondok Pesantren DDI Mangkoso dalam mengakomodasi kebijakan pendidikan nasional beserta solusinya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi</em><em>.</em><em> Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pondok Pesantren DDI Mangkoso tetap eksis sebagai lembaga pendidikan Islam tradisional meski melakukan pengembangan yang sifatnya modern dengan mempertahankan lima peran, yaitu: Tempat transmisi ilmu-ilmu Islam klasik, lembaga dakwah, pelestari tradisi Islam, pusat reproduksi ulama, serta tempat pengabdian dan pengembangan masyarakat. Perubahan posisi pesantren dalam kebijakan pendidikan nasional kurun waktu 1989-2018 berimplikasi terhadap kebijakan pendidikan Pondok Pesantren DDI Mangkoso yang dinamikanya dibagi ke dalam tiga tahap, yaitu: transformasi kelembagaan, pemaduan kurikulum, dan penerapan paradigma inklusif berbasis budaya. Berbagai hambatan dalam akomodasi tersebut adalah pergumulan kultur dan struktur organisasi, keterbatasan sumber daya, dan minimnya partisipasi masyarakat. Penelitian ini berimplikasi pada perlunya akumulasi nilai tradisional, nilai agama, dan nilai modern oleh pesantren agar mampu bersaing bahkan menjadi inspirasi di tengah kemajuan lembaga pendidikan pada umumnya.</em></p>
The study aims to explore the diversity of pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) in Soppeng Regency, Indonesia. The regency is known as a place for multicultural education based on local culture which is expected to strengthen religious moderation. This research is qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The object is selected purposively; four pesantren institutions in Soppeng Regency, Yasrib (Nahdhatul Ulama), Muhammadiyah Lajoa, Al-Irsyad (Darud Da'wah wal Irsyad) Pattojo, and Al-Ihsan Appanang (Jamaah Tablig). The results of the study show that the diversity of pesantren serves as a place for multicultural education. Pesantren may reflect the diversity of society, founding organizations, institutional typologies, and networks. The local culture-based pesantren is designed to promote multicultural education model which was developed by applying several local culture values: sipakatau (mutual respect), sigunakannge' (reminding each other), sipakalebbi (mutual glorification), and sipammase-mase (mutual love). Those values are used as the principles of multiculturalism which is carried out with the ethos of siri (respect themselves) in the life of the pesantren community. Multicultural education model strengthens the principle of wasaṭiyah (moderate) religious moderation through the ideology of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamā'ah. Religious moderation facilitates the society to accommodate local culture, express strong national commitments, and grow tolerance in the spirit of egalitarianism.
Indonesia has the biggest Muslim population globally, and one of the Islamic beliefs among people of this nation is tarekat, which is sometimes considered as a heretic. Therefore, this article aims to analyse the meaning of diction tarekat according to the Qur’an and its implications for the Buginese community, one of the oldest ethnicities in Indonesia. This is a conceptual and empirical research with the purposive sampling method used to determine the informants from several tarekat leaders and congregations. Data were collected through documentation, observation and interviews and analysed using Miles and Huberman’s qualitative analysis technique. This process consists of data reduction, display and drawing conclusions. The study results showed that, firstly, the word tarekat in the Qur’an indicates the meaning of inner journey and the methods and ways of thinking, acting and behaving. Secondly, to the Buginese community, it implies a spiritual path to a higher level of appreciation towards their God. Thirdly, the meaning of the diction tarekat in the Qur’an has implications for its understanding, which can be seen in the practice of dhikr, spiritual behaviour and the way of life of those implementing these heretics.Contribution: This article enriched the religious belief among Muslims, which scholars rarely uncover. Adherents of Islam in Indonesia have a social and political responsibility regarding religious tolerance within and outside other religions. This proves that Muslims contribute to world peace in Middle-East and South-Eastern Asia.
This research aims to analyze the dynamics of Pondok Pesantren DDI Mangkoso in accommodating national education policies. The method of this research is qualitative with a phenomenological approach whose data is collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the research indicate that the status of Pondok Pesantren DDI Mangkoso as a traditional Islamic education institution still existed despite carrying out modern developments by maintaining five roles, namely: the place of transmission of classical Islamic sciences, da’wah institutions, preserving Islamic traditions, the center of reproduction of scholars, and place of community service and development. Changes in the position of pesantren in national education policy during the period 1989-2018 have implications for the education policy of Pondok Pesantren DDI Mangkoso whose dynamics are divided into three stages, namely: institutional transformation, integration of curriculum, and application of a culture-based inclusive paradigm. The form of accommodation for the national education policy by Pondok Pesantren DDI Mangkoso is the opening of formal education institutions at all levels of education. Various obstacles in the accommodation are the struggle of organizational culture and structure, limited resources, and lack of community participation.
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