Tissue engineering is a relatively new area of research that combines medical, biological, and engineering fundamentals to create tissue-engineered constructs that regenerate, preserve, or slightly increase the functions of tissues. To create mature tissue, the extracellular matrix should be imitated by engineered structures, allow for oxygen and nutrient transmission, and release toxins during tissue repair. Numerous recent studies have been devoted to developing three-dimensional nanostructures for tissue engineering. One of the most effective of these methods is electrospinning. Numerous nanofibrous scaffolds have been constructed over the last few decades for tissue repair and restoration. The current review gives an overview of attempts to construct nanofibrous meshes as tissue-engineered scaffolds for various tissues such as bone, cartilage, cardiovascular, and skin tissues. Also, the current article addresses the recent improvements and difficulties in tissue regeneration using electrospinning.
Recently, there has been an evolution toward a science-supported medicine, which uses replicable results from comprehensive studies to assist clinical decision-making. Reliable techniques are required to improve the consistency and replicability of studies assessing the effectiveness of clinical guidelines, mostly in muscular and therapeutic healthcare. In scientific research, surface electromyography (sEMG) is prevalent but underutilized as a valuable tool for physical medicine and rehabilitation. Other electrophysiological signals (e.g., from electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), and needle EMG) are regularly monitored by medical specialists; nevertheless, the sEMG technique has not yet been effectively implemented in practical medical settings. However, sEMG has considerable clinical promise in evaluating muscle condition and operation; nevertheless, precise data extraction requires the definition of the procedures for tracking and interpreting sEMG and understanding the fundamental biophysics. This review is centered around the application of sEMG in rehabilitation and health monitoring systems, evaluating their technical specifications, including wearability. At first, this study examines methods and systems for tele-rehabilitation applications (i.e., neuromuscular, post-stroke, and sports) based on detecting EMG signals. Then, the fundamentals of EMG signal processing techniques and architectures commonly used to acquire and elaborate EMG signals are discussed. Afterward, a comprehensive and updated survey of wearable devices for sEMG detection, both reported in the scientific literature and on the market, is provided, mainly applied in rehabilitation training and physiological tracking. Discussions and comparisons about the examined solutions are presented to emphasize how rehabilitation professionals can reap the aid of neurobiological detection systems and identify perspectives in this field. These analyses contribute to identifying the key requirements of the next generation of wearable or portable sEMG devices employed in the healthcare field.
Addressing the health problems of the 21st century will require individuals to use a new set of medical and public health resources that extend beyond historic and traditional medical devices and are built on current and smart information technologies. Much of these new medical tools was originally designed by device manufacturers to be used only in clinical settings and by trained healthcare professionals but recently are finding their way into the home nevertheless. Their migration to the home poses many challenges to both caregivers and care recipients. In order to facilitate their migration to the home, it is very important to first understand the domain boundary, its components and their interactions. Little research discusses the context of smart home healthcare and its surrounding entities to date. This paper aims to fill the knowledge gap by developing a framework of smart home healthcare context. To this end, the authors conducted semi-structured interviews with patients and health professionals served for or by home healthcare agencies on the east coast in the United States. They analyzed the content applying thematic approach. The findings revealed four major components of the framework including person, tasks, technologies, and environments. The findings also revealed to define the interactions between these components. The findings have significant implications for smart home designers and manufacturers, and service providers.
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