The extent of amenable genetic variability and association of important agronomic characters were determined in a set of 21 genotypes of sesame under Faisalabad conditions. The extent of genetic coefficient of variability, heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean in that order were 18.47,95.68,37.23; 89.04, 97.02, 1.33; 26.00, 94.49, 55.23; 12.81, 94.15, 25.61; 16.10, 99.02, 32.93 and 32.45, 99.97, 66.67 percent for plant height, number of branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seed per capsule, 1000-seed weight and seed yield per plant, respectively. The number of capsules per plant contributed the highest towards seed yield followed by 1000-seed weight and plant height. Selection emphasis on these traits could result in improvement of seed yield.
Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) is an important component of the human diet due to its high mineral and protein contents. Abiotic stresses, i.e., drought, decreases plant growth and yield. Drought causes the synthesis of reactive oxygen species, which decrease a plant’s starch contents and growth. However, ACC-deaminase (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase) producing rhizobacteria can alleviate drought stress by decreasing ethylene levels. On the other hand, caffeic acid (CA) can also positively affect cell expansion and turgor pressure maintenance under drought stress. Therefore, the current study was planned with an aim to assess the effect of CA (0, 20, 50 and 100 ppm) and ACC-deaminase rhizobacteria (Lysinibacillus fusiform, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) on lentils under drought stress. The combined application of CA and ACC-deaminase containing rhizobacteria significantly improved plant height (55%), number of pods per plant (51%), 1000-grain weight (45%), nitrogen concentration (56%), phosphorus concentration (19%), potassium concentration (21%), chlorophyll (54%), relative water contents RWC (60%) and protein contents (55%). A significant decrease in electrolyte leakage (30%), proline contents (44%), and hydrogen peroxide contents (54%), along with an improvement in cell membrane stability (34% over control) validated the combined use of CA and rhizobacteria. In conclusion, co-application of CA (20 ppm) and ACC-deaminase producing rhizobacteria can significantly improve plant growth and yield for farmers under drought stress. More investigations are suggested at the field level to select the best rhizobacteria and CA level for lentils under drought.
ABSTRACT. We conducted a 5 x 5 complete diallel cross experiment in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) with the genotypes 6309, Chkwal-50, Dhrabi, Bhkhar-02, and FS-08. Our objective was to evaluate the type of gene action and the general and specific combining abilities required for various morphological traits in wheat. The results of analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among genotypes for all the investigated traits. The results of joint regression analysis showed that the data for all the investigated traits fitted a simple additive dominance model. Graphical representation of variance and covariance suggested that most of the investigated traits were controlled by overdominance gene action. However, the peduncle length and plant height were controlled by additive gene action. Variety 6309 carried the highest number of dominant genes for the number of spikelets per spike, number of tillers per plant, plant height, number of fertile tillers per plant, and grain yield per plant. Chakwal-50 carried the highest number of recessive genes for grain yield per plant, number of tillers per plant, number of grains per spike, number of fertile tillers per plant, and plant height. Chakwal-50 and 6309 were the best general combiners for number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, grain yield per plant, 1000-grain weight, number of fertile tillers per plant, and number of tillers per plant. On other hand, 6309 performed well in specific crosses with Chakwal-50, FS-08, and Bhakhar-02 for spike length and number of tillers per plant.
Five linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) genotypes were evaluated for four years (1993-98) for seed yield. 18.23, 29.92 and 3.09% higher mean yield compared to a commercial variety Chandni, during 1993-94 and 1994-95 at the research station. Mean yield of 11 trials conducted over different locations in Punjab during 1996-97 and 1997-98 showed the highest yield of LS-73 followed by LS-49, LS-75 and LS-29 compared to 677 Kg haG 1 of Chandni. In three of the 11 trials, LS-49 ranked first while all other genotypes each enjoyed first position in two trials, indicating considerable influence of location on genotypic performance. Ls-49 was the most stable genotype amongst five and it showed responsiveness to agronomic manipulation to obtain higher yield.
Thirty two genotypes of Nigella sativa L. were evaluated for three consecutive years which showed significant differences for all the traits indicating high level of genetic variation. Heritability in broad sense ranged from 0.28 to 0.98 and the highest heritability was calculated for days to maturity and days to flowers. Grain yield was positively associated with plant height, capsule weight, capsule length, root length, whereas negatively with capsule width and 1000-seed weight that required the use of novel breeding techniques to break this undesired linkage to improve grain yield in N. sativa. Path coefficient indicated that direct effects of all the traits were positive except days to first flower, days to 50% flowers, flowering duration, number of capsules, root weight and harvest index. The characters exhibiting correlation along with direct effect towards grain yield viz., days to maturity, capsule weight, capsule length and root length should be given more preference while selecting high yielding N. sativa genotypes for future crop improvement programs.
The potential of any crop variety is subjected to various environmental conditions and a large fraction of the potential yield cannot be attained. For this study, fifty cotton genotypes of different origin were collected from gene pool of Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan and screened in the glass house. These genotypes were also evaluated under the field condition to obtain parents that possess better tolerance against drought. Initial screening of these genotypes was conducted in the glass house under three moisture levels 100, 70 and 40% at field water capacity. Data were recorded for root length, fresh root weight, dry root weight, root shoot length ratio, shoot length; fresh shoot weight, dry shoot weight, fresh root shoot weight ratio and dry root shoot weight ratio in glass house. Five drought tolerant genotypes (BH-176, MPS-11, DPL-45, Tree cotton and Cyto-62) and three susceptible genotypes (GS-444, Cooker-315, MS-64) were identified. Highly significant differences found among genotypes for all seedling characters. Further evaluation was done in field on the basis of various physiological parameters i.e. relative water content, excised leaf water loss, cell injury, leaf water potential, osmotic potential, net photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance under normal and water stress conditions. Same genotypes were confirmed under field studies. Highly significant genotypic variation existed among genotypes for all the physiological traits. The predicting genotypes may be selected and exploited to improve drought tolerance for the cotton crop.
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