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ABSTRAKHasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa distribusi normal 60 genotipe kedelai di kedua lokasi pada karakter waktu berbunga (32-48 hari), waktu berpolong (35-55 hari), waktu matang fisiologis (75-92 hari), dan waktu panen (78-99 hari). Diperoleh empat genotipe berumur genjah (umur masak tergenjah 75,3 hari dan warna pubescent coklat), tiga genotipe umur dalam (umur masak terdalam 89,7 hari dan warna pubescent abu-abu). Jumlah alel SSR total 237, rataan alel per lokus 12,6 (3-29), rataan nilai PIC 0,78 (0,55-0,89). Tingkat kesamaan genetik berkisar 74,8-95%. Pada kemiripan 77% membagi genotipe menjadi enam klaster (empat genotipe umur genjah ada pada klaster III dan IV dan tiga genotipe umur dalam ada pada klaster II). Berdasarkan analisis data umur, warna pubescent, dan analisis filogenetik terpilih tujuh tetua yang digunakan untuk pengembangan marka terkait umur genjah, yaitu empat tetua berumur genjah B1430, B2973, B3611, B4433 dan tiga tetua berumur dalam B1635, B1658, dan B3570. Dua belas populasi F 2 dibentuk menggunakan bantuan marka Satt300 dan Satt516. Dua di antara populasi tersebut dapat digunakan untuk pengembangan marka molekuler umur genjah. The Indonesian soybean productivity is still very low with the national average of 1.3 t/ha. One means to improve national soybean productivity is by manipulating harvest index by cultivating very early maturing soybean cultivars. Development of early maturing soybean cultivars can be expedited by using marker-aided selection. The objective of this study was to select parental lines having contrasted maturity traits and selected parents must be genetically distance. The parents then were used to develop F 2 populations for detecting early maturity QTL in soybean. Maturity tests of 60 soybean genotypes were conducted at two locations, Cikeumeuh (Bogor) and Pacet (Cianjur) using a randomized block design with three replications. Genomic DNA of the 60 genotypes were analyzed using 18 SSR markers and genetic relationship was constructed using the Unweighted Pair-Group Method Arithmatic through Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate System program version 2.1-pc. Results showed that the 60 genotypes demonstrated normal distribution in both locations for days to R1 (32-48d), days to R3 (35-55d), days to R7 (75-92d), and days to R8 (78-99d). Four early maturing genotypes and three late genotypes were obtained. Total SSR alleles observed were 237 with average allele per locus of 12.6 (3-29), and average PIC value of 0.78 (0.55-0.89). Genetic similarity among genotypes ranges from 74.8-95%. At similarity level 77% divided the genotypes into six clusters (the four selected early maturing genotypes located in clusters III and IV, while the three late genotypes located in cluster II). Based on maturity data, pubescent color, and phygenetic analysis seven parents were selected (four early maturing genotypes B1430, B2973, B3611, B4433 and three late genotypes B1635, B1658, and B3570). Twelve F 2 populations were developed with the aid of SSR markers Satt300 dan Satt516. Two of ...

Mutation breeding techniques in combination with tissue culture and molecular marker methods provide a powerful tool for improvement of vegetatively propagated plants. The aim of this study was to develop a protocol for shoot regeneration and mutation induction of Etlingera elatior. The results of irradiation on in vitro buds of E. elatior showed LD 50 to be 10 Gy, with the survival of explants being sharply reduced at this dosage. All 8 selected gamma irradiated regenerants were differentiated from the untreated control based on the banding patterns obtained using 9 primers, which generated 59 reproducible bands, whereby 35 (55.31%) were found to be polymorphic. Jaccard's coefficient of similarity values ranging from 0.537 to 0.860 were indicative of the level of genetic variation among the mutants studied. For comparison between the potential lines (PL) and the control, a maximum similarity value (0.814) was observed in PL1 mutant, while the minimum value (0.537) was observed in PL7. In summary, a combination of irradiation, regeneration, multiplication, and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis for early screening of mutants can speed up the breeding program of E. elatior.

<p>Brown planthopper (BPH) is a major rice pest in Indonesia. The most economical and effective approach to control the insect pest is by using resistant varieties. Exploring for resistance genes is, therefore, a prerequisite for effective breeding program for BPH resistance. This study aimed to map BPH resistance genes in Untup Rajab, an Indonesian local rice variety. Genetic map was constructed using an F2 population from a cross between TN-1 and Untup Rajab, and SNP markers from RiceLD SNP Chip. Phenotyping was performed using bulk seedling test on F2:3 seedlings against two BPH populations, i.e. X1 and S1. Four QTLs<br />were identified on chromosomes 5, 6, 8, and 11 with PVE values of 7.63%, 9.40%, 17.66%, and 3.05%, respectively. Relatively normal distribution of resistance phenotype and the relatively low PVE values indicate that Untup Rajab has a quantitative resistance to BPH with two different resistance loci identified for each BPH test population. The QTL on chromosome 8 overlaps with OsHI-LOX gene, which is associated with resistance to BPH, and adjacent to another QTL for resistance to green leafhopper. The QTL on chromosome 6 was found near OsPLDα4 and OsPLDα5 genes which are related to BPH resistance. Meanwhile, the QTL intervals on chromosome 5 and 11 did not overlap with any known BPH QTLs or genes, which make them attractive candidates for novel BPH resistance gene discovery.</p>

Abstract. The research in this thesis is a type of descriptive research. The data used in this study is secondary data with primary legal material in the form of people who are (subjects) of interfaith marriages. While the approach that the author uses is an empirical juridical approach. The author uses field study data collection techniques (field research) by using interviews and personal documents. Facts that occur in the field, the Civil Registry Office registers interfaith marriages without a court decision. The MUI fatwa states that interfaith marriages are prohibited and the legal consequences of interfaith marriages when viewed from the Munakahat Fiqh will have an impact on marital status, husband and wife relationships, children's lineage and inheritance rights. The results of this study indicate that in the practice of interfaith marriages in Wonosari District, Gunung Kidul Regency, there is legal smuggling by the Civil Registry Office and if the marriage is not legal according to Islamic law then the haraam in the husband and wife relationship occurs, and children born from interfaith marriages it can only be in love with its mother. Abstrak. Penelitian dalam skripsi ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder dengan bahan hukum primer berupa orang yang sebagai (subjek) perkawinan beda agama. Sementara pendekatan yang penulis gunakan adalah pendekatan yuridis empiris. Penulis menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data studi lapangan (field research) dengan menggunakan cara wawancara dan dokumen pribadi. Fakta yang terjadi di lapangan, Kantor Catatan Sipil mencatatkan perkawinan beda agama tanpa adanya putusan pengadilan. Fatwa MUI menyatakan keharaman perkawinan beda agama dan akibat hukum perkawinan beda agama apabila ditinjau dari Fikih Munakahat akan berdampak pada status perkawinan, hubungan suami istri, nasab anak dan hak kewarisan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada praktik perkawinan beda agama di Kecamatan Wonosari Kabupaten Gunung Kidul adanya penyelundupan hukum oleh pihak Kantor Catatan Sipil dan apabila perkawinan itu tidak sah menurut hukum Islam maka keharaman dalam hubungan suami istri itu terjadi, dan anak yang dilahirkan dari perkawinan beda agama itu hanya dapat bernasab pada ibunya.

Development of hybrid rice depends on the effectivity of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and restorer (R) lines. The molecular genetic approach is expected to help the breeder in identification of suitable parental lines to hybrid rice improvement. The study aimed to assess genetic relationship among three types of CMS systems (wild abbortive/WA Kalinga and Gambiaca) as female parents and to identify diversity of genes controlling fertility restoration in rice. The study used nine F 1 hybrids and F 2 populations obtained from the hybridization of three different CMS lines (IR58025A-WA, IR80156A-Kalinga and IR80154A-Gambiaca) with three restorer lines (PK90, PK12 and BP11). Fifteen SSR markers were used to select genomic regions of chromosome 1 and 10 on which Rf3 and Rf4 genes located in the hybrids. The results showed that fertility restoration in CMS-WA and CMS-Gambiaca was governed by two independent and dominant genes (Rf3 and Rf4), while in CMS-Kalinga the fertility restoration was controlled by one single dominant gene. Biological processes occurred in the fertility restoration of the hybrids were the same based on the pollen and spikelet fertilities of F 1 hybrids derived from three CMS and R lines, i.e. 76.1-78.3% and 69.1-76.6%, respectively. A restorer line PK12 had a higher capability in fertility restoration than PK90 and BP11. The SSR primers RM490 and RM258 were capable of identifying the Rf3 and Rf4 genes controlled fertility restoration in CMS-WA. The study supports the use of male sterile WA in rice hybridization.

Abstract. Chaerani, Dadang A, Fatimah, Husin BA, Sutrisno, Yunus M. 2021. SRAP analysis of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) populations maintained on differential rice host varieties. Biodiversitas 22: 4266-4272. Brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) biotypes differ in virulence to rice varieties carrying different Bph resistance genes. These biotypes are reported can be genetically discriminated against using DNA markers. Four brown planthoppers (BPH) populations, which displayed two virulence phenotypes, have been produced by selection and adaptation on four differential host varieties. Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) marker preferentially amplifies the coding regions in the genome and, thus, can discriminate the observed virulence variations among those populations. This study aimed to analyze the genetic variation of four developed BPH populations using SRAP markers. Genetic analysis of a total of 40 BPH females with 18 polymorphic primers revealed equal genetic diversity parameter values among populations (Na: 1.1 to 1.4, Ne: 1.2 to 1.3, I: 0.22 to 0.29, He: 0.14 to 0.18, and UHe: 0.15 to 0.19). Analysis of population structure by AMOVA indicated low genetic variation among populations (9%). Still, pairwise PhiPT population values between all pairs of the population revealed the presence of moderate genetic differentiations (PhiPT ranged from 0.57 to 0.133, P<0.01). Two partial clusters in plots of PCoA were corresponded to two virulence groups, indicating the ability of SRAP markers to discriminate virulence phenotype. Further selection and adaptation are expected can form four desired virulence patterns with complete genetic separation among the population before its application as resistance screening agents of rice lines.