<p>ABSTRACT</p><p><br />Information on genetic variability and correlation between quantitative characters with yield are important for support the selection program. The objective of the research was to estimate the genetic variability, heritability, and path analysis on agronomic characters to determine the selection criteria in the chili. This research was conducted at Research Station of Leuwikopo, Darmaga, Bogor from November 2009 until May 2010. This research observed all populations i.e. F5 population: 320 plants, IPB C2 population: 20 plants, and <br />IPB C5 population: 20 plants. The results showed that total fruit weight, thick and fruit diameter, middle fruit diameter, blossom end fruit diameter, fruit weight, and days to flowering have a high broad sense heritability . High coefficient of genetic variability values were obtained ini number of fruits per plant, fruit wei ght, stem diameter, fruit diameter, and fruit weight. Based on the heritability, genetic variability, correlations analysis and path analysis, characters that can be used as selection criteria in this study is the number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, and fruit diameter.</p><p><br />Key words: genetic variability, heritability, path analysis, selection</p>
PENDAHULUANTerung (Solanum melongena L.) merupakan sayuran yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi dan dapat memberikan manfaat bagi kesehatan manusia. Buah ini dikonsumsi diseluruh dunia dalam berbagai warna, bentuk dan ukuran (Akanitapichat et al., 2010). Terung telah dibudidayakan secara luas di daerah tropis dan subtropis, terutama di Asia (Sathappan et al., 2012) dimana beberapa negara produsen terbesar antara lain adalah Cina, India, Mesir, Turki dan Indonesia. Tanaman ini memiliki hasil produksi global sebanyak lebih dari 32 juta ton dengan (Begum et al., 2013
Genetic information plays an important role in plant selection. This research was aimed to obtain genetic information on pattern inheritance of yield and yield component characters of two crosses population of birds chili. The research used biparental mating design consisted of 40 plants of parents population (P1 and P2), 40 plants of first generation (F1) and reciprocal (F1R) populations, 100 plants of backcross populations (BCP1 and BCP2), and 300 plants of second generation population (F2). Scaling test and joint scaling test indicated the presence of gene interaction (epistasis) in two crosses population. Estimates gene effect also showed that fruit weight character in crosses population of IPB C145 x IPB C174 was controlled by duplication epistasis, while yield per plant character in crosses population of IPB C145 x IPB C291 was controlled by complementary epistasis. All characters of both crosses populations had high broad sense heritability, but the characters in crosses population of IPB C145 x IPB C174 had medium to high narrow sense heritability, while the characters in crosses population of IPB C145 x IPB C291 had low to medium narrow sense heritability. Genetic difference between parents seemed to affect gene action of a character, in which yield per plant, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, and fruit length characters in crosses population of IPB C145 x IPB C291 with small genetic difference were more controlled by the action of non additive gene than crosses population of IPB C145 x IPB C291 with large genetic difference.Keywords: epistasis, gene action, genetic difference, heritability, yield
Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a commodity that has a high economic value and has been known and cultivated by people throughout the world. Ornamental chili pepper has aesthetic value as ornamental plants such as the round or long round fruits and the diversity of fruit colors. This study was conducted to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative characters of 11 genotypes of ornamental chili pepper to obtain superior ornamental chili pepper varieties. The analyzed variables were the plant height, stem length, stem diameter, stem color, shortened internode, plant habitus, leaf shape, leaf color, leaf length, leaf width, days to flowering, corolla color, anther color, flower position, harvest date, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit pedicel length, fruit diameter, fruit shape, fruit shape at blossom end, fruit color, and anthocyanin coloration. This study was conducted in green house of the Cikabayan Experimental Garden and the Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, from January to June 2018. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with one factor (genotipe) and four replicates. All genotypes evaluated had diverse quantitative and qualitative characters especially in the character of fruit weight, fruit length, and fruit color. The most preferred genotypes were Ayesha 1, Violeta, and Nazla. Ayesha 1 was favored because of its rounded fruit, interesting and quite varied fruit colors. Violeta and Nazla were prefered because of the purple fruits. Nazla was prefered as pot ornamental plants for its short plant and the convenience to take care. Keywords: Capsicum annuum L, genotipe, ornamental chili pepper Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) merupakan komoditas yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dan merupakan tanaman yang sudah dikenal dan dibudidayakan oleh masyarakat di seluruh dunia. Karakter cabai hias memiliki nilai estetika sebagai tanaman hias seperti bentuk buah yang umumnya bulat atau bulat panjang dan warna buah yang sangat bervariasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif 11 genotipe cabai hias untuk menghasilkan varietas cabai hias yang unggul. Karakter yang diamati terdiri atas tinggi tanaman, tinggi dikotomus, diameter batang, warna batang, pemendekan ruas, habitus tanaman, bentuk daun, warna daun, panjang daun, lebar daun, waktu munculnya bunga, warna mahkota bunga, warna anther, kedudukan bunga, umur panen buah, bobot buah, panjang buah, panjang tangkai buah, diameter buah, bentuk buah, bentuk pangkal buah, perubahan warna buah, dan pewarnaan antosianin. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Kebun Percobaan Cikabayan dan Laboratorium Genetika dan Pemuliaan Tanaman, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai Juni 2018. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) satu faktor yaitu genotipe dengan 4 kali ulangan. Semua genotipe yang dievalusi memiliki karakter kuantitatif dan kualitatif yang beragam baik antar genotipe uji maupun dengan varietas pembanding, terutama pada karakter bobot buah, panjang buah, dan warna buah. Genotipe yang paling disukai adalah Ayesha 1, Violeta, dan Nazla. Ayesha 1 disukai karena bentuk buahnya yang membulat dan warna buahnya yang menarik dan beragam. Violeta dan Nazla disukai karena buahnya berwarna ungu. Nazla lebih disukai untuk tanaman hias pot karena perawakannya yang pendek dan memudahkan perawatan. Kata kunci: Capsicum annuum L., cabai hias, genotipe
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