Agriculture development in traditions requires land to grow the plant, either for consumption and industrial purposes. In one hand, it implies that land as resources is understood as an important and high value to attain sustainable agriculture development. In the other hand, land for agricultural use has realized lower value than land for commercial purposes. That results in land conversion from agriculture to non-agricultural land such as land for settlement and tends to happen increasingly at the alarming rate. However, food and settlement are considered as human basic needs. It dares to food supply which may not meet the demand. The main discussion is about how problematical of land competition for settlement and agriculture have been taking place in West Sumatra Province in Indonesia. So, how regulation on land use planning at the national level is being implemented at the provincial or sub-district/city level with regard to sustainable land for food and agriculture development. It is argued that land policy for agriculture and settlement development planning should be laid into an integrated and sustainable development planning thought and local regulation has to support.
Population growth in urban areas tends to be faster than in rural areas; it is due to various factors. Population growth has increased housing demand. The need for housing should be filled with the provision of land and houses. The most common problems in urban housing provision are less urban land available for housing and higher the price. It is happening in cities of West Sumatra, changed of agricultural land (rice field) into housing although the Government of the Republic of Indonesia has issued Act No.26 / 2007 on Spatial Planning, which sets the land allotment for spatial in Indonesia. Supporting this, in the year 2009, the Indonesian government issued, Indonesian Act No. 41/ 2009 on Sustainable Land Farming Protection, concerning on sustainable land for food agriculture, that agricultural land must be maintained in order to produce agricultural products. This paper describes to what extent of the conversion of agriculture land into housing in the last five years in several regions in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Illustrate the process of transferring land functions (from rice filed to housing), which is permitted by government regulations. This study shows that there has been a relatively significant change in the function of a rice field in urban areas. The lack of government records on land use change needs to be an important note. A legal product is governing the conversion of agricultural land, Law enforcement of spatial use rules, detailed spatial plan, reliable maps as a reference (Spatial Planning) in determining the land use of the proposed location for the house to be built, should be of particular concern by the government. It is necessary to coordinate and integrate housing and agricultural planning so that housing construction can meet the needs of the house, on the other hand, the need for rice product can be produced without having to reduce agricultural land.
The process of agricultural extension planning through participatory approach prioritizes the involvement of farmers to set the planning decision. Such condition was found in area where farmers join in bond basis association. Through a qualitative approach with case study method, this research aims to describe and explain the pattern of agricultural extension planning process in nagari (a term of local village) that involve farmers from fellow farmers group and see its discrepancy against the legal rules. The research was conducted in Nagari Balai Panjang, Tanjuang Gadang and Batu Balang for 6 months, starting from April to October 2016. There are 14 informants, consisting of three field facilitators and 11 of farmer group administrators supported this research. The focus of the data were preparation stages and formulation implementation of the condition, goal setting, obstacles / constraints to achieve the goal and extension action plans, finalization of agricultural extension planning documents in nagari. Data collection techniques applied were interviewing, documentating and observing. Through descriptive qualitative data analysis techniques with synthesis methods as analysis tools and interpretating along with assessment methods to the content of the document as the secondary data, it can be concluded that there are two patterns in the nagari agricultural extension planning process by bringing up the principles of participation. The differences found of the two patterns were only on methods to obtain the data and information of nagari as a circumstances determination, which is the initial year of field facilitator in nagari using PRA methods, while the next year using secondary data, observation and data cross-check.
Social ties is an important form of social capital in community groups, including farmer groups, because it will determine the activity of the group. Social ties can be formed based on the connection between ancestry and non-ancestry relationships. This article examines the benefits of the farmer group social ties in the agricultural extension planning process in Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota, a case study of farmer groups at the village level (nagari). The research design used is mixed methods research, that is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods simultaneously with the weight of the method more pressed on qualitative methods. The type of the research used is case study. Three villages as the locations of this case study are Nagari Balai Panjang, Tanjuang Gadang and Batu Balang Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota. Site selection was done purposively, with the reason that farmer groups in the three nagari have social bonding based on the connection between ancestry and non-ancestry relationships. Data collection techniques are interviews, questionnaires, documentation, and observation. Data were obtained from key informants from the leader of farmer groups as many as thirteen (13) people and agricultural extension workers as many as three (3) people with snowball techniques. Data ware analyzed by qualitative descriptive techniques using data interpretation analysis tools, and quantitative data is analyzed by scoring techniques using the Arnstein participation ladder. The result of the research proves that social ties of the farmer group play a role as a mobilizer of the participation of the group members in improving the village level agricultural planning process (nagari). The participation level of farmers in the village (nagari) of study cases is at tokenism level up to citizen power for each stage of composing agricultural extension program.
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