Abstract. Susilawati, Rahadiyanto KY, Ramdja, Theodorus, Hermansyah. 2019. The use of multiplex-PCR method in identification of Candida species from vaginal candidiasis patients. Biodiversitas 20: 3063-3069. Vaginal Candidiasis is an infection caused by a yeast called Candida which may be resulted in different virulences, thus leading to a varied drug of choice for therapy. The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of multiplex-PCR test in detecting Candida species in women with clinical diagnosis of vaginal candidiasis. There were 79 vaginal swab samples which fulfill inclusion criteria. Samples were cultured at ASD media for isolation of Candida spp. Identification of Candida spp. was conducted using both biochemical fermentation and multiplex-PCR methods. Primers pairs used in multiplex-PCR were universal primer ITS1 and ITS2, and specific primer CA3 and CA4. The identification test of multiplex-PCR resulted in Candida krusei: sensitivity: 100%, specificity:61,1%, Positive Prediction Value (PPV):63.2%, Negative Prediction Value (NPV): 100%; C. glabrata: sensitivity:0%, specificity: 100% PPV: 0% NPV: 76.7%; C. tropicalis: sensitivity:100%, spesificity:100%, PPV: 100% NPV: 100%; C. albicans: sensitivity: 33.3%, specificity: 100%, PPV: 100%, NPV: 93.1% and C. stellatoidea: sensitivity:: 100%, specificity:92.6%, PPV: 60%, NPV: 100%. These results suggested that multiplex-PCR method becomes a rapid alternative in identifying species of Candida due to its high sensitivity and high specificity.
Trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases, with around 120 million world-wide suffering from Trichomonas vaginalis-induced vaginitis every year. Although trichomoniasis can be treated with metronidazole, the prevalence of metronidazole-resistant T. vaginalis seems to be increasing. Since the percentage of AT base pairs in T. vaginalis DNA (71%) is very much higher than in human cells, in this study a series of bisquaternary quinolinium salt compounds with high AT-binding specificity were tested for their antitrichomonal activities. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for these compounds against a local strain of T. vaginalis in culture. Among 14 bisquaternary quinolinium compounds tested, an N-ethyl derivative was the most effective drug against T. vaginalis, being nearly as potent (MIC = 0.16 microM) as metronidazole (MIC = 0.096 microM), and with low toxicity towards human cells. The nature of the substitution at the quinolinium quaternary centre appears to be important in terms of effectiveness of bisquaternary compounds against the parasite. In contrast, no clear relationships could be seen for substituents on the quinolinium ring; Me and Cl substituted analogues showed higher activity against trichomonads, whereas OMe, NHMe and NH2 substituents decreased activity.
Glaukoma adalah suatu keadaan dimana terjadi peningkatan tekanan intraokuler didalam bola mata sehinggamenyebabkan penyempitan lapang pandang dan kerusakan saraf optik ataupun buta meskipun juga ditemuipenderita yang tidak mengalami peningkatan tekanan intraokuler. Untuk mengetahui distribusi karakteristikpenderita glaukoma dilakukan penelitian di Rumah Sakit Muhammadiyah Palembang tahun 2011, dilakukanpenelitian deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 53 orang. Dari hasilpenelitian didapatkan insidensi glaukoma 6,17%, distribusi karakteristik penderita glaukoma terbanyak adalahkelompok umur 40 - 65 tahun (64,2%), jenis kelamin perempuan (62,3%), suku tidak tercatat (100%), Pekerjaantidak bekerja (34%), keluhan kerusakan lapang pandang (34%), jenis glaukoma sudut terbuka (50,9%), riwayatterdapat riwayat penyakit (71,7%), riwayat penyakit hipertensi (52,7%), penatalaksanaan medis operasi(50,9%), nilai rata-rata pemeriksaan tekanan intraokuler pada mata kanan yang pertama 28,443 mmHg, kedua22,647 mmHg, ketiga 19,572 mmHg, sedangkan yang pada mata kiri yang pertama 25,349 mmHg, kedua 22,111dan yang ketiga 18,151 mmHg. Dengan diketahuinya karakteristik dari penderita glaukoma, diharapkan untukpihak Rumah Sakit Muhammadiyah Palembang untuk melakukan penyuluhan terutama kepada pasien yangmenderita hipertensi karena riwayat penyakit hipertensi cukup tinggi memberikan distribusi karakteristikpenderita glaukoma dan untuk mengisi rekam medik pasien secara lengkap.
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