Tuberculosis is one of the top ten death’s causes in the world and even cause more deaths than HIV in 2015. In the same years, there are 10.4 million new TB case incidences with case notification rate is 142/100,000 population globally. Monocytes and lymphocytes play an important role in the body’s defense mechanism against tuberculosis. Tuberculosis can induce increased monocytes and decreased lymphocytes. The ratio of Monocytes to lymphocytes is expected to be used as predictors of tuberculosis. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the ratio of monocytes to lymphocytes accuracy as tuberculosis predictor. This diagnostic study was done at dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang. Samples of this study had been taken from medical records which fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study was analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. The sample of the study was 101 tuberculosis subjects. Most of the subjects were men (70,3%) and were 36-45 years old group (25,7%). The cut-off value of 0,476 allowed the discrimination of tuberculosis with positive bacterial culture from negative bacterial culture, with a sensitivity of 95,1% and a specificity of 70%. Therefore, we concluded that the ratio of monocytes to lymphocytes can be considered as an early predictor marker of tuberculosis.
Objective: To determine the comparison between maternal cystatin C serum in severe preeclampsia and normal pregnancy. Method: This was an observational study with cross sectional analytic approach. The subjects are sixty women with severe preeclampsia and normal pregnancy who met inclusion criteria. The maternal serum level of cystatin C was automatically measured with Particle Enhanced Nephelometric Assay (PENIA). Result: Mean serum level of cystatin C in severe preeclampsia was 1.169 ± 0.311 mg/l. Mean serum level of cystatin C in normal pregnancy was 0.929 ± 0.166. There was a significant differences between maternal serum levels of cystatin C in women with severe preeclampsia compared with women with normal pregnancy. Conclusion: There was a significant differences between maternal serum levels of cystatin C in severe preeclampsia compared with normal pregnancy. Keywords: cystatin C, endotheliosis glomerulus, severe preeclamp
Abstract. Susilawati, Rahadiyanto KY, Ramdja, Theodorus, Hermansyah. 2019. The use of multiplex-PCR method in identification of Candida species from vaginal candidiasis patients. Biodiversitas 20: 3063-3069. Vaginal Candidiasis is an infection caused by a yeast called Candida which may be resulted in different virulences, thus leading to a varied drug of choice for therapy. The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of multiplex-PCR test in detecting Candida species in women with clinical diagnosis of vaginal candidiasis. There were 79 vaginal swab samples which fulfill inclusion criteria. Samples were cultured at ASD media for isolation of Candida spp. Identification of Candida spp. was conducted using both biochemical fermentation and multiplex-PCR methods. Primers pairs used in multiplex-PCR were universal primer ITS1 and ITS2, and specific primer CA3 and CA4. The identification test of multiplex-PCR resulted in Candida krusei: sensitivity: 100%, specificity:61,1%, Positive Prediction Value (PPV):63.2%, Negative Prediction Value (NPV): 100%; C. glabrata: sensitivity:0%, specificity: 100% PPV: 0% NPV: 76.7%; C. tropicalis: sensitivity:100%, spesificity:100%, PPV: 100% NPV: 100%; C. albicans: sensitivity: 33.3%, specificity: 100%, PPV: 100%, NPV: 93.1% and C. stellatoidea: sensitivity:: 100%, specificity:92.6%, PPV: 60%, NPV: 100%. These results suggested that multiplex-PCR method becomes a rapid alternative in identifying species of Candida due to its high sensitivity and high specificity.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) and is still a major health problem in the world. Immunity against tuberculosis is very complex because it involves almost all components of the immune system. One of the cells that are responsible for cell-mediated immunity are lymphocytes, especially T helper lymphocytes are divided into Th1 (proinflammatory cytokines IFN-?) and Th2 (anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4). EC610 fusion antigens (ESAT-6-CFP-10) is a peptide containing a specific antigen M.tb. Order to determine the differences between the secretion of IFN-? and IL-4 after stimulation EC610 fusion antigens (ESAT-6-CFP-10) in patients with active pulmonary TB and latent TB.Research with a quasi-experimental design in laboratory in vitro in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis group of 21 samples and 28 samples of latent TB. Venous blood sampling in vitro anticoagulants heparin and PBMCs isolated using a Ficoll-Paque ™, then cultured with antigen fusion EC610 for 24-72 hours with a CO2 incubator at a temperature of 370 C. The levels of IFN-? and IL-4 by ELISA method. Statistical analysis with alternative test non-parametric Mann Whitney.IFN-? secretion in patients with active pulmonary TB group (6700 pg / ml) was higher than the latent (6000 pg / ml) after stimulation by antigen fusion EC610, but not significant (p = 0.769). While the secretion of IL-4 levels (180 and 60 pg / ml) there was a significant difference between the groups (p = 0.000).
Background Liver cirrhosis is a disease with high morbidity and mortality in Indonesia. The Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification is a noninvasive parameter to assess severity of liver cirrhosis. Meanwhile, the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio can reflect person's immunity to liver cirrhosis. This study was conducted to determine the agreement between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification in assessing severity of liver cirrhosis. Methods Analytical observational study with Cohen’s Kappa agreement test was conducted in 86 liver cirrhosis patients. Data was retrieved by observing the medical records. Neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, albumin, bilirubin, and INR were all recorded. Documented variables were analyzed by the Cohen’s Kappa agreement test. Results In Cohen’s Kappa agreement test, there was moderate agreement between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification in all samples (κ = 0.591 and p <0.001). Agreement between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification based on age and gender was found to be κ = 0.777 at age ≤45 years, κ = 0.532 at age >45 years, κ = 0.682 in male, and κ = 0.445 in female (p <0.001). The highest agreement is the substantial agreement between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification obtained at age ≤45 years (κ = 0.777 and p <0.001) and male (κ = 0.682 and p <0.001). Conclusion There is moderate agreement between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification in assessing severity of liver cirrhosis. Substantial agreement obtained at age ≤45 years and male gender. Keywords: Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio, Child-Turcotte-Pugh, Liver Cirrhosis
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