Elderly care services are important to provide in response to the rapid growth of the elderly population. In developing countries like Indonesia, the speed of growth of the elderly population does not simultaneously occur, so the needs for care services vary. This study discusses the emergence of home care services in response to the increase in elderly population. By taking the case of community home care services in Sleman, this study found the pattern and process of the emergence of local initiatives in home care services. This study also revealed an important factor affecting the implementation of community home care services, that is, leadership.

Promoting the reform of teacher professional development (TPD) in the digital era using web-based learning (online and blended learning) appears to be a great innovation in improving teachers skills using technology through computers and Internet networks. Some research revealed that online learn-ing on TPD influences on improving teacher performance; however, the effect had no better results compared to traditional learning. Hence, this study evaluating the policy by examining the effects of web-based learning model, i.e., online and blended learning, and face to face approach on the scores achieved in teacher training. The study adopted the quasi-experimental design with pre-post non-equivalent group design of the intact teacher training program. The participants were 427,189 teachers covering all school levels in Indonesia. Findings suggest that the web-based learning model is more effective in teacher achievement than the f2f, while the female tends to be better than male. Hence, digital constraint is not an obstacle for the teacher in the web-based model. Interestingly, blended learning that emerged as a new trend in e-learning proved to be quite promising. These findings provide considerations for the development of a policy for an appropriate TPD model for teachers at different levels.

This study investigates whether the Indonesian regulators control Indonesian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with matching or mismatching empowerment strategies, in light of their strengths and current standing. Indonesian SMEs contributed approximately 60.34% to Indonesia’s gross domestic product (GDP) in 2018. In addition, Indonesian regulators have focused on financial support through credit policies and tax incentives. Indonesian SMEs have been standing on organizational readiness and readiness for change, based on their social networks and social cognition. It collected thirteen informants with different expertise and experiences. This study’s results suggest Indonesia’s regulatory body and financial institutions should consider the SMEs’ social cognition and organizational readiness for change. According to the current situation, to empower Indonesian SMEs, we recommend strategies such as achieving knowledge supremacy, creating an economic development board, as in Singapore, formulating comprehensive industry-wide policies, adopting omnibus laws, and implementing a shifting balance strategy. In other words, the Indonesian regulators should implement major reforms, which are similar to glasnost and perestroika in the former Soviet Union. This is to enhance Indonesian SMEs and achieve the goal of the Government of Indonesia (GoI) with respect to the optimal distinctiveness of Indonesia’s future economy. This optimal distinctiveness refers to the GoI’s policies, which focused on knowledge supremacy, an industry-wide regime, and research for empowerment.

South Korea is one of the countries that has successfully controlled Covid-19. The successes obtained by implementing policies, namely: tests, tracking, treatment, and social distancing. This success invited other countries to adopt policies. Policy adoption needs to be done by considering the policy context through three perspectives, namely rationality, organizational, and political. This research will reveal the context of South Korean policy from each perspective. The research method used to discuss the topic is document analysis. From a rationality perspective, the South Korean Government's policy has potent correlation both theoretically and empirically in controlling Covid-19. From an organizational perspective, the determination of South Korean government policy is limited by the rules apply in the organization. From a political perspective, the determination of the policy of the South Korean Government is limited by political pressure on policy makers. This condition is the reason the South Korean Government tends chooses policies for conducting tests, tracking, maintaining, and social distancing over other policies to control Covid-19. Although other policies have a better ability to control Covid-19, those who wish to adopt the policy of the South Korean Government can seek and take advantage of other policy alternatives. Especially, not experiencing organizational and political boundaries as happened in South Korea. Keywords: Covid-19, South Korea Government, Policy, Control Abstrak Korea Selatan menjadi salah satu negara yang berhasil mengendalikan Covid-19. Keberhasilan tersebut diperoleh dengan melaksanakan empat kebijakan, yaitu: pelaksanaan tes, penelusuran, perawatan, dan menjaga jarak fisik. Keberhasilan ini mengundang negara lain untuk melakukan adopsi kebijakan. Adopsi kebijakan perlu dilakukan dengan memperhatikan konteks kebijakan melalui tiga perspektif, yaitu rasionalitas, organisasional, dan politik. Penelitian ini akan mengungkap konteks kebijakan Korea Selatan tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk membahas permasalahan tersebut adalah analisis dokumen. Dari perspektif rasionalitas, kebijakan Pemerintah Korea Selatan tersebut memiliki korelasi yang kuat, baik secara teoritis maupun empiris dalam mengendalikan Covid-19. Dari perspektif organisasional, penentuan kebijakan pemerintah Korea Selatan dibatasi oleh aturan yang berlaku dalam organisasi. Dari perspektif politik, penentuan kebijakan Pemerintah Korea Selatan dibatasi oleh adanya tekanan politik kepada pembuat kebijakan. Kondisi tersebut menjadi alasan mengapa Pemerintah Korea Selatan cenderung memilih kebijakan untuk pelaksanaan tes, penelusuran, perawatan, dan menjaga jarak fisik dibandingkan kebijakan lain guna mengendalikan Covid-19. Walaupun kebijakan lain tersebut memiliki kemampuan yang lebih baik dalam mengendalikan Covid-19. Untuk itu bagi para pihak yang ingin mengadopsi kebijakan Pemerintah Korea Selatan dapat mencari dan memanfaatkan alternatif kebijakan lain. Khususnya ketika tidak mengalami batasan organisasional dan politik seperti yang terjadi di Korea Selatan. Kata Kunci: Covid-19, Korea Selatan, Kebijakan, Pengendalian

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