Object. The inflammatory cells that accumulate at the damaged site after spinal cord injury (SCI) may secrete interleukin-6 (IL-6), a mediator known to induce the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Any increased production of NO by iNOS activity would aggravate the primary neurological damage in SCI. If this mechanism does occur, the direct or indirect effects of IL-6 antagonists on iNOS activity should modulate this secondary injury. In this study, the authors produced spinal cord damage in rats and applied anti—rat IL-6 antibody to neutralize IL-6 bioactivity and to reduce iNOS. They determined the spinal cord tissue activities of Na+-K+/Mg++ adenosine-5′-triphosphatase (ATPase) and superoxide dismutase, evaluated iNOS immunoreactivity, and examined ultrastructural findings to assess the results of this treatment. Methods. Seventy rats were randomly allocated to four groups. Group I (10 rats) were killed to provide normal spinal cord tissue for testing. In Group II 20 rats underwent six-level laminectomy for the effects of total laminectomy alone to be determined. In Group III 20 rats underwent six-level T2–7 laminectomy and SCI was produced by extradural compression of the exposed cord. The same procedures were performed in the 20 Group IV rats, but these rats also received one (2 µg) intraperitoneal injection of anti—rat IL-6 antibody immediately after the injury and a second dose 24 hours posttrauma. Half of the rats from each of Groups II through IV were killed at 2 hours and the other half at 48 hours posttrauma. The exposed cord segments were immediately removed and processed for analysis. Conclusions. The results showed that neutralizing IL-6 bioactivity with anti—rat IL-6 antibody significantly attenuates iNOS activity and reduces secondary structural changes in damaged rat spinal cord tissue.

No abstract

A molecular imprinted electrochemical sensor based on boron-functionalized graphitic carbon nitride (B-g-C3N4) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) was presented for selective determination of bisphenol A (BPA). In particular, by combining the selectivity and high stability properties, which are the most important advantages of molecular imprinted polymers, and the highly sensitive properties of GQDs/B-g-C3N4 nanocomposite, a highly selective and sensitive analytical method was developed for BPA analysis. Firstly, GQDs/B-g-C3N4 nanocomposite was characterized by using microscopic, spectroscopic, and electrochemical techniques. This novel molecular imprinted electrochemical sensor for BPA detection demonstrated a linearity of 1.0 × 10−11–1.0 × 10−9 M and a low detection limit (LOD, 3.0 × 10−12 M). BPA-imprinted polymer on GQDs/B-g-C3N4 nanocomposite also showed good stability, repeatability and selectivity in food samples.

No abstract

A novel electrochemical sensor based on MnCO3 nanostructures incorporated into carbon fibers (MnCO3NS/CF), including a molecularly imprinting polymer (MIP), was developed for the determination of Ochratoxin A (OTA). In this study, a sensitive and selective sensor design for OTA detection was successfully performed by utilizing the selectivity and catalysis properties of MIP and the synthesized MnCO3NS/CF material at the same time. MnCO3 nanostructures incorporated into carbon fibers were first characterized by using various analytical techniques. The sensor revealed a linearity towards OTA in the range of 1.0 × 10−11–1.0 × 10−9 mol L−1 with a detection limit (LOD) of 2.0 × 10−12 mol L−1. The improved electrochemical signal strategy was achieved by high electrical conductivity on the electrode surface, providing fast electron transportation. In particular, the analysis process could be finished in less than 5.0 min without complex and expensive equipment. Lastly, the molecular imprinted electrochemical sensor also revealed superior stability, repeatability and reproducibility.