In this study, the dyeing properties of a natural dye extracted from the kermes insect on silk were examined. Insect dye at different concentration rates of 5%, 10%, and 15% wt was applied to silk fabrics mordanted with alum [KAl(SO4)2.12H2O] and iron-(II) sulfate [FeSO4.7H2O]. Then, the Nd:YAG laser device was used to investigate the laser radiation effects on the color of the fabric. The dyed fabrics were analyzed by different analytical and technical methods. The RP-HPLC-DAD method was used for the identification of the coloring compounds of fabrics dyed with kermes. The color coordinates and fastness values of rubbing, washing, and light were investigated. Overall, the fastness results were excellent. SEM-EDX was performed for morphological examinations and CIEL*a*b* color values were measured for colorimetric examinations after laser radiation.
In this study international finance and its coordination are discussed by considering the factors determining competitiveness and competitiveness. The effects of international finance coordination are analyzed. Afterward, possible problems and solutions evaluated. In the final part, the effect of combining various forms of international financing and assistance in harmony is coordinating, on the competitiveness of countries using financing are evaluated. The use and effects of the resources obtained by utilizing international financial resources have been examined by considering the conditions of competition. Competitiveness and the factors that determine competitiveness are discussed and international finance and international financing resources are discussed. Then, the institutions that have effects on the coordination of international finance are examined. This is a review article, so it is aimed to emphasize the importance of international financing coordination. To ensure that the financial aids given are sent to the countries that use the aids following their intended use, to increase the amount of international finance and funds, to distribute the burden of credit usage costs among developed countries and institutions according to certain criteria, to ensure that the repayment conditions of the credits are easy and applicable for the country using the credit, and to ensure that the information flow between the countries providing and using the credit is continuous and regular can be considered the important subjects of the international financing coordination.
The Anatolian acorn (Quercus ithaburensis Decne) is a promising resource for a variety of industries in Turkey and the world. It has the potential to serve as a bio-mordant, natural dye for textiles and leather, providing an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic dyes and reducing dependence on chemicals and petrochemicals. The commercial viability of the acorn and its export potential make it a valuable resource for supporting regional trade and boosting the local economy, with the potential to create new job opportunities. In addition, the acorn has a unique colour range, fastness, and antimicrobial properties, making it a desirable choice for manufacturers looking for a sustainable alternative. Overall, the Anatolian acorn holds great potential as a natural dye and a valuable resource for supporting regional trade and sustainability goals. The development and commercialization of this resource could play a significant role in the future of sustainable development in Turkey and the world.
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