This review describes the epidemiology of childhood diabetes in India. It focuses on the incidence and prevalence of type 1 diabetes and its complications and comorbid conditions. The review also covers data related to type 2 diabetes, glucose intolerance, and monogenic diabetes from India. A brief discussion regarding unique contributions from India to the world literature is included. The topics discussed include use of camel milk as adjuvant therapy in type 1 diabetes, relevance of the A1/A2 hypothesis, and comprehensive clinico-etiopathological classification of type 1 diabetes.
Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is a rare developmental disorder with an incidence of 1 in 10,000. 1 It comprises of clinical trial of midline brain abnormality, optic nerve hypoplasia and hypopituitarism. Diagnosis of this syndrome is clinical with equal occurrence rate in both the sexes .However in recent times various genetic mutations have been found causing this syndrome complex like HESX 1 , OTX 2 , SOX 3 and SOX 2 , at the same time yield of genetic diagnosis in less than 1% .We report here two unique cases of Septo-optic dysplasia, first with late presentation with multiple pituitary hormone deficiency and the second with normal pituitary functions and associated infantile obesity.
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