No abstract

Given the increasing evidence of involvement of Aeromonads in foodborne outbreaks, the standardization of single-step multiplex PCR will be helpful tool for detection of enterotoxin genes in Aeromonas spp.

Introduction: Torsion of the vermiform appendix is a rare disorder, which causes abdominal symptoms indistinguishable from acute appendicitis and is found by chance during the laparotomy.

A close association was therefore found between phenotypic resistance against tetracycline and presence of tetracycline resistance genes. The tetA and tetB gene fragments were amplified, purified and sequenced. The gene sequences of the isolates studied herein were found similar to tetA and tetB gene sequences of other bacteria available in NCBI. The occurrence of tetA and tetB genes in B. cereus indicate the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance determinants from other bacteria into B. cereus. The transfer of these resistant determinants to other potentially pathogenic bacteria may be a matter of great concern.

Aims: This investigation was undertaken to study the prevalence, enterotoxin gene profile and molecular epidemiology of Aeromonads from various sources of water (182) and fish (173). Methods and Results: A total of 116 Aeromonas sp. were isolated, of which 48 (26Á37%) were from water and 68 (34Á62%) were from fish samples collected from retail markets and fish farms. The Aeromonads were recovered from all types of water sources viz. drinking water (13%), surface waters (26%) and fish ponds (69%). The most prevalent species recovered from drinking water was A. hydrophila, from fish ponds it was A. caviae, from surface water sources A. hydrophila and A. caviae were recovered more frequently, and A. hydrophila and A. veronii bv. sobria were isolated predominantly from gills of fish samples. On multiplex PCR analysis for the detection of enterotoxin genes (act, alt, ast), the above mentioned Aeromonas species frequently contained enterotoxin genes, irrespective of their sources. From isolates across all the sources, act (63%) and alt (57%) genes were encountered more frequently than ast (6%). The enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequences polymerase chain reaction was used for typing of isolates and most of the isolates from water and fish were related, owing to similar ecosystem. Conclusion: A wide distribution of enterotoxin genes in Aeromonads from water and fish is a potential public health threat and molecular genotyping can be helpful to study epidemiology of the pathogen. Significance and Impact of the Study: A high proportion of isolates recovered from diverse water sources, particularly potable drinking water and fish samples carried one or more enterotoxin genes thereby indicating a potential pathogenic nature of isolates from these sources. The genetic relatedness was detected amongst many isolates recovered from water sources and fish samples indicating circulation of familiar virulent clones in the aquatic environments. infections in aquatic and other vertebrate animals including man (Manna et al. 2013; K€ orkoca et al. 2014). The genus Aeromonas is a collection of oxidase and catalase positive, facultatively anaerobic rods that are resistant to the vibriostatic agent-2, 4-diamino-6,7 diisopropylpteridine (Abbott et al. 2003; Martin-Carnahan and Journal of Applied Microbiology 127, 921--931

No abstract

The present investigation was undertaken to study the incidence and antibiogram of enterotoxigenic Bacillus cereus in raw meats and meat products. B. cereus was isolated from 97 (37.45%) of the 259 samples analyzed. Recorded incidences of B. cereus from chicken, chevon, mutton, meat products and swab samples were 33.33, 37.20, 39.47, 51.85 and 26.08%, respectively. Screening of isolates by multiplex polymerase chain reaction revealed the overall distribution of various enterotoxin genes hblD, hblA, hblC, nheA, nheB, nheC, cytK and entFM as 64.94, 64.94, 68.04, 97.83, 95.87, 93.81, 65.98 and 100%, respectively. Sensitivity of isolates to a panel of 10 antimicrobial agents revealed gentamicin (100%), ciprofloxacin (98.97%), chloramphenicol (89.69%) and streptomycin (85.56%) to be the most effective antibiotics, while the highest resistance was noted against penicillin G (91.75%). A relatively higher incidence of B. cereus in meat products, with the majority of isolates harboring all the enterotoxin genes and detection of multiple antibiotic resistant strains, pose a potential public health threat.

No abstract