The objective of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of Iris hookeriana Linn. rhizome against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. A worm motility inhibition assay was used for in vitro study and a faecal egg count reduction assay was used for an in vivo study. The in vitro study revealed anthelmintic effects of crude aqueous extracts and crude ethanolic extracts on live Trichuris ovis worms (P < or = 0.05) as evident from their paralysis and/or death at 8 h after exposure. The aqueous extracts of I. hookeriana resulted in a mean worm motility inhibition of 54.0%, while ethanolic extracts resulted in a mean worm motility inhibition of 84.6%. The mean mortality index of aqueous extracts was 0.55, while for ethanolic extracts it was 0.85. The lethal concentration 50 for aqueous extracts was 0.45 mg ml- 1 and for ethanolic extracts it was 0.15 mg ml- 1. The in vivo anthelmintic activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of I. hookeriana in sheep naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes demonstrated a maximum (45.62%) egg count reduction in sheep treated with ethanolic extracts at 2 g kg- 1 body weight on day 10 after treatment, closely followed by ethanolic extracts at 1 g kg- 1 body weight on day 10 after treatment (43.54% egg count reduction). The aqueous extracts resulted in a maximum of 31.53% reduction in faecal egg counts on day 10 after treatment with 1 g kg- 1 body weight. Thus ethanolic extracts exhibited greater anthelmintic activity under both in vitro and in vivo conditions; this could be due to the presence of alcohol-soluble active ingredients in I. hookeriana. From the present study it can be suggested that I. hookeriana rhizome exhibited significant anthelmintic activity against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and has the potential to contribute to the control of gastrointestinal nematode parasites of small ruminants.

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Plants of the Celastraceae family comprise 60 genera and 850 species worldwide [1]. Many of them have been used in traditional medicine [2, 3]. The genus Euonymus of the family Celastraceae is reported to be a rich source of sesquiterpene alkaloids [4], sesquiterpene esters [5], sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids [6], sesquiterpene polyol esters [7], flavonoids, and coumarins [8]. The plant species belonging to this genus has well-known medicinal activity such as cytotoxic [9], antitumor [10], immunosuppressive [11], and insecticidal [12] and insect-antifeedant activity [13], and is capable of reversing multidrug resistance in cancer cells [14]. Euonymus hamiltonianus Wall. is a small tree growing wild in Kashmir at altitudes from 3000-4000 meters. By continuing the pursuit of active principles of the Celastraceae family, particularly of the genus Euonymus, the ethyl acetate extract of the stem bark of Euonymus hamiltonianus leads to the isolation and characterization of the three new glutinane-type triterpenes 19α-glutin-5-en-19-ol (1), 2β,15α,21β-glutin-11-ene-2,15,21-triol (2), and 2β,19α-glutin-7,21-diene-2,19-diol (3). In this paper the isolation and characterization of compounds 1-3 are presented.Column chromatography of the ethyl acetate extract of the stem bark of Euonymus hamiltonianus leads to the isolation and characterization of three new pentacyclic glutinane-type triterpenes, 19α-glutin-5-en-19-ol (1), 2β,15α,21β, glutin-11-ene-2,15,21-triol (2), and 2β,19α-glutin-7,21-diene-2,19-diol (3).

547.972Two new coumarins, euonidiol (1) and euoniside (2), and a known flavone, luteolin 7-methyl ether, were isolated from the aerial parts of the plant Euonymus hamiltanianus Wall. All the compounds were characterized on the basis of spectral analysis viz. 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, DEPT, IR, UV, ESI-MS, and elemental analysis. Plants of the Celastraceae family comprise 60 genera and 850 species worldwide [1]. Many of them have been used in traditional medicine [2, 3]. Genus Euonymus of the family Celastraceae is reported to be a rich source of sesquiterpene alkaloids [4], sesquiterpene esters [5], sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids [6], sesquiterpene polyol esters [7], flavonoids, and coumarins [8]. The plant species belonging to this genus has wellknown medicinal activity such as cytotoxic [9], antitumor [10], immunosuppressive [11], insecticidal [12], and insect-antifeedant activity [13], and reverses multi-drug resistance in cancer cells [14]. Euonymus hamiltonianus Wall. is a small tree growing wild in Kashmir at altitudes from 3000-4000 meters. To the best of our knowledge, this plant species has not been investigated for its phytochemical characterization so far. Keeping in view the biological importance of Euonymus species and our continued interest in the characterization of lead bioactive molecules, we have undertaken a research program to investigate the molecular characterization of Euonymus hamiltonianus Wall. The methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of the aerial parts of the plant lead to the isolation and characterization of two new coumarins, euonidiol (1) and euoniside (2) and a known flavone, luteolin 7-methyl ether for the first time [15].Column chromatography of the methanolic extract of the leaf of Euonymus hamiltonianus resulted in the isolation of the following two compounds.Euonidiol (1). Elemental analysis agrees with molecular formula C 14 H 14 O 5 , mp166-167°C. This molecular formula was confirmed by ESI-MS, m/z at 285 [M+Na]. The UV spectrum contained λ max at 248, 259, and 314 nm characteristic of courmarins. The IR spectrum revealed characteristic -OH absorption at 3457 cm -1 , aromatic C-H absorption at 2973 cm -1 , and carbonyl absorption at 1712 cm -1 . The NMR spectrum showed eight kinds of protons. Two signals at δ 1.47 and δ 1.52 (each 3H, s) showed the presence of two methyl groups. The signals at δ 5.68 (1H, d, J = 6.0 Hz) showed a benzylic proton simultaneously attached with hydroxyl, and the signal at δ 4.40 (1H, d, J = 6.0 Hz) is due to the proton on the carbon directly attached to the oxygen atom of the dihydrofurano ring. The signals at δ 6.24 and 7.90 (each 1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz) are the diagnostic signals of the coumarin nucleus corresponding to the protons of the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl system. The signals at δ 6.99 and 7.56 (each 1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz) are due to the protons attached to the aromatic ring at position 6 and 5 respectively. Further, the signal at δ 6.99 also indicates that the oxygen atom of the dihydrofuran ring is attached with position 8 rather than position 7 ...

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Two unusual homoisoflavanone compounds named lesjunceol (1) and lesjuncerol (2) were isolated from the aerial parts of the methanolic extract of Lespedeza juncea apart from the other known constituents myrcetin and β-sitosterol. All the compounds were characterized on the basis of chemical derivatization and spectroscopic methods.

Two new phenolic glycosides named meoside-A (1) and meoside-B (2) were isolated from Lespedeza juncea. Two compounds were characterized on the basis of 1D and 2D spectral analysis and chemical derivatization.Lespedeza juncea of the family Fabaceae is used in the traditional medicine of Kashmir, India [1]. The genus Lespedeza is a rich source of flavonoids, flavanones, isoflavones, prenylated flavones and flavanones, ethyl caffeate, protocatechuic acid, betulinic acid, β-sitosterol, catechins, daidzein, isoliquiritigenin and alkaloids [2][3][4][5][6][7], cinnamic acid, ferrulic acid, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, and quercetin [8]. The biological activity in some species of this genus is as an antioxidant and artificial leaf opening substance [9][10][11][12]. Lespedeza juncea, a woody herb growing at altitudes from 1200-2400 m, has not been investigated for its phytochemical activity so far. As a program of research, we investigated the methanolic extract of the root of the plant and isolated two new phenolic glycosides. We now wish to establish the structure of the two new phenolic glycosides from the above-mentioned plant.Column and thin layer chromatography of the methanolic extract of the root of Lespedeza juncea led to the isolation and characterization of the following two compounds. Meoside-A.Analysis of the mass spectrum showed m/z at 505 [M+Na], corresponding to the molecular formula C 22 H 32 O 13 . The λ max at 281 nm in UV spectrum revealed a substituted benzene moiety. The IR showed a band at 3450 cm -1 due to the hydroxyl functionality, at 2929 cm -1 due to aromatic -C-H stretching, and at 983 cm -1 due to substituted benzene. 1 H NMR run at 500 MHz showed two singlets of the aromatic region at δ 7.12 and 6.99; the latter proton is highly shielded by two oxygen functions of two glycosidic moieties. The frequencies at δ 6.32 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 14.1) and 6.28 are due to the olefinic protons of the side chain. The signals at δ 1.92 and 3.82 revealed the frequencies of methyl and methoxyl groups, respectively. The series of absorption frequencies at δ 4.91 (1H, d, J = 7.4), 3.47 (1H, m), 3.46 (1H, m), 3.42 (1H, m), 3.65 (1H, m), 4.10 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 12.3), and 3.78 (1H, m) are diagnostic signals of the glucose moiety attached at position-1. The remaining signals at frequencies 4.73 (1H, d, J = 7.1), 3.52 (1H, m), 3.45 (1H, m), 3.59 (1H, m), 3.81 (1H, dd, J = 3.2, 12.1), and 3.43 (1H, m) agreed with another glucose moiety attached to the benzene ring at position-5. 13 C NMR showed the C-22 carbon skeleton, and DEPT experiments showed 14 methines, one methyl, one methoxyl, two methylenes of two sugar moieties, and four quaternary carbons. The positions of different groups are assigned by 2D and COSY experiments as shown in Table 1.