We report the serotyping of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and Pasteurella multocida from Indian gaurs which were concurrently infected with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and haemorrhagic septicaemia. Bannerghatta biological park (BBP), a national park located in the outskirts of Bengaluru city, Karnataka, India, is bordered by several villages. These villages witnessed massive outbreaks of FMD which spread rapidly to the herbivores at BBP. Post-mortem was conducted on carcasses of two Indian gaurs that died with symptoms of FMD. The salient gross findings included extensive vesicular lesions on the tongue, gums, cheeks, upper palate and hooves. Haemorrhagic tracheitis and ecchymotic haemorrhages on the heart were characteristic. The vesicular lesions of oral cavity were positive for 'O' type of FMD virus by sandwich enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). The heart blood and spleen samples yielded growth of pure cultures of P. multocida. The isolates were typed as P. multocida type B using KTSP61 and KTT72 primers yielding specific amplicons of 620 bp. The phylogenetic analysis of the isolates was carried by sequencing of 1.4-Kbp nucleotides on the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene of the isolates.
We describe the molecular epidemiology of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) involved in outbreaks and massive spread of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) in Karnataka state of India during the year 2017. The study involved investigation of outbreaks in three districts.viz, Udupi, Dakshina kannada and Bengaluru in Karnataka. The disease was characterised by large scale piglet mortality with severe respiratory distress and abortions in pregnant sows. The study recorded death of 394 piglets, 131 adults and abortions in 82 pregnant sows. The organ samples collected from dead pigs were found negative for Classical swine fever virus by 5’UTR gene based Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RT-PCR targeting full length ORF5 gene of PRRSV on spleen and lung samples of dead pigs yielded specific amplicon of 803 bp indicating the presence of PRRSV. The phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences derived from ORF5 gene of PRRSV involved in the current outbreaks revealed 99.99% sequence homology with the highly pathogenic PRRSV of genotype 2 (North American type) from China and India (Mizoram state). Since pig husbandry plays a significant role in socio-economic upliftment of the poor and marginalised farmers in the country, it’s time to put in place effective prevention and control measures for PRRS, before it cripples pig industry in India and its surrounding world. Present study is the first epidemiological report of PRRS outbreaks in South India.
This study evidences that, stress due to vaccination can cause re-activation and clinical outbreak of bovine herpesvirus-1 in latently infected cattle. Three to four days following mass-vaccination of cattle against Foot and Mouth Disease in Karnataka of India, symptoms of acute respiratory distress, conjunctivitis and vulvo-vaginitis were observed in vaccinated cattle in many villages of the state. Nasal and ocular swabs were collected from 25 ailing cattle in six villages of Hassan district of Karnataka. Upon bacteriological analysis, the samples were found negative for Pasteurella multocida. The serum samples from ailing animals were positive for bovine herpesvirus- 1 (BoHV-1) antibodies by Indirect-ELISA. The swab samples were found for BoHV-1 by PCR targeting glycoprotein- C gene of BoHV-1. The swab samples when subjected to virus isolation in MDBK cells yielded characteristic CPE of bunch of grape like clustering of cells by fifth passage. PCR targeting conserved region on glycoprotein-C gene on DNA extracted from cell-culture supernatants showing CPE confirmed the presence of BoHV-1. Nucleotide sequencing of the PCR amplicon showed that the BoHV-1 isolated during this study shared 100% sequence identity with BoHV-1 isolates from India, Switzerland and Brazil. This study emphasizes that stress due to vaccination can cause re-activation and clinical outbreak of bovine herpesvirus-1 in latently infected cattle.
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