Serotyping of foot and mouth disease virus and Pasteurella multocida from Indian gaurs (Bos gaurus), concurrently infected with foot and mouth disease and haemorrhagic septicaemia

Abstract

We report the serotyping of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and Pasteurella multocida from Indian gaurs which were concurrently infected with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and haemorrhagic septicaemia. Bannerghatta biological park (BBP), a national park located in the outskirts of Bengaluru city, Karnataka, India, is bordered by several villages. These villages witnessed massive outbreaks of FMD which spread rapidly to the herbivores at BBP. Post-mortem was conducted on carcasses of two Indian gaurs that died with symptoms of FMD. The salient gross findings included extensive vesicular lesions on the tongue, gums, cheeks, upper palate and hooves. Haemorrhagic tracheitis and ecchymotic haemorrhages on the heart were characteristic. The vesicular lesions of oral cavity were positive for 'O' type of FMD virus by sandwich enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). The heart blood and spleen samples yielded growth of pure cultures of P. multocida. The isolates were typed as P. multocida type B using KTSP61 and KTT72 primers yielding specific amplicons of 620 bp. The phylogenetic analysis of the isolates was carried by sequencing of 1.4-Kbp nucleotides on the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene of the isolates.

Opportunistic bacteria and mass mortality in ungulates: lessons from an extreme event

“…It is possible that many cases in wild populations go unnoticed (Preece et al 2017), but it is unlikely that events on the scale of those ( Co-infection One case study found FMDV to be a possible predisposing factor (Chandranaik et al 2015). We found that the only HS case of similar magnitude in wild or domestic ungulates was also recorded in saigas (in 1988).…”

“…In saiga, the confirmed case of HS in 2015 and the highly likely case in 1988 were both associated with P. multocida capsular type B similar to strains in domestic livestock in Spain and South-East Asia (Orynbayev et al 2019). Overall, only in the case of HS in gaur (Chandranaik et al 2015) does there seem to have been another "primary" infection (in this case FMDV), which was spread by livestock and exploited by the opportunistic Pasteurella organism. The set of pathogens associated with pneumonic forms of pasteurellosis is far larger and more complex than in cases of HS, including M. haemolytica and various strains of P. multocida together with viruses and other species of the Pasteurellaceae 1912,1913,1924,1959 Sweden ¶ 1959: 600-700 died (70% calves) # Hot weather Brandt (1914), Nordkvist andKarlson (1962) October 1911;Summer 1913Summer , 1914Summer , 2005||, 2010May 1956May , 1973…”

“…Additional information on the characteristics of these cases is given in Appendix S2i, ii. We only found one published description of HS in free-ranging wild ungulates in tropical regions (Chandranaik et al 2015). Although HS is common among domestic ungulates in the tropics, documented cases in wildlife are rare, involve small numbers, and are often closely associated with outbreaks in livestock (De Alwis 1982).…”

“…Although HS is common among domestic ungulates in the tropics, documented cases in wildlife are rare, involve small numbers, and are often closely associated with outbreaks in livestock (De Alwis 1982). We only found one published description of HS in free-ranging wild ungulates in tropical regions (Chandranaik et al 2015). Among reindeer, most sources describe septicemia, but a bronchopneumonia presentation also occurs (such as in the examples from 1956 and 1973).…”

“…In the saiga examples, ( Chandranaik et al (2015) † 81 animals died during winter, ten of these were positively attributed to HS but carcasses were in poor condition. In the saiga examples, ( Chandranaik et al (2015) † 81 animals died during winter, ten of these were positively attributed to HS but carcasses were in poor condition.…”