Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyse the modelling of exhaust gas flow patterns with variations in pressure, number, and shape of filters on the catalytic converter. Design/methodology/approach: The research method used is a simulation using ANSYS, which starts by creating a converter catalytic model with pressure variations: (0.5-1.5 atm), number of filters: (2-5), and the form of filter-cut/filter-not-cut. Findings: The decrease in velocity is caused by non-uniform velocity in the exhaust gas flow that occurs when passing through a bend in the filter-cut that serves as a directional flow to create turbulence. Filter-cut type tends to have fluctuating pressure, turbulence flow pattern shape so that contact between filter and exhaust gas is more effective. Based on the analysis of flow patterns, the speed and pressure of the 5 filter-not-cut design at a pressure of 0.5 are the best, while at pressure (1-1.5 atm) the type 5 filter-cut is the best. Research limitations/implications: This study is limited to filter-not-cut and filter-cut types with variations in the number of filters: 2, 3, 4, and 5, and the inlet pressure between 0.5-1 atm. Practical implications: The practical implications of this study are to find a catalytic converter design that has advantages in the effectiveness of exhaust gas absorption. Originality/value: The results show that the filter-not-cut and filter-cut types have the best effectiveness in the number of 5 filters. Filter-not-cut at the pressure of 0.5 atm and filter-cut at pressure (1-1.5 atm).
Krisis energi sudah dirasakan oleh beberapa negara, kelangkaan bahan bakar harus segera diatasi. Banyak negara-negara di eropa sudah mulai menggunakan bahan bakar alternatif yang berasal dari tumbuh-tumbuhan. Beras ketan dan singkong dapat diubah menjadi bioetanol dengan metode fermentasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan cara fermentasi kemudian melakukan destilasi untuk memperoleh bioetanol. Hasil bioetanol kemudian dideteksi untuk mencari optimasi waktu fermentasi yang tepat, pengujian dengan Pen refractometer dan Gas Chromatography. Hasil penelitian penambahan massa ragi dari 5-15 gram terbentuk kadar etanol yang semakin meningkatan dari 3,5-18,5 %, hal ini menunjukkan penambahan jumlah ragi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap hasil fermentasi bioetanol. Pengaruh ketidakstabilan mikroba yang mengurai karbohidrat menjadi etanol, saat fermentasi mengakibatkan terbentuknya senyawa-senyawa asam. Hal ini yang menyebabkan penambahan massa ragi tidak signifikan terhadap hasil fermentasinya. Waktu fermentasi yang optimal terjadi pada hari ke-4 dengan jumlah waktu 96 jam. Hasil Uji Gas kromatografi dua bahan memenuhi syarat SNI yaitu: Hasil fermentasi Ketan Putih dan Singkong.
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