Photocatalysis has been recognized as a feasible method in water and wastewater treatment. Compared to other methods such as adsorption and chemical oxidation, the use of photocatalyst in the advanced oxidation processes gives benefits such as a longer lifetime of the catalyst and less consumable chemicals. Currently, explorations into low-cost, effective photocatalysts for organic contaminated water are being developed. Within this scheme, an easily separated photocatalyst with other functionality, such as high adsorption, is important. In this research, preparation of a magnetic nanocomposite photocatalyst based on agricultural waste, palm leaves biochar impregnated nickel nanoparticles (Ni/BC), was investigated. The nanocomposite was prepared by direct pyrolysis of palm leaves impregnated with nickel (II) chloride precursor. Furthermore, the physicochemical characterization of the material was performed by using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (SEM-EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), gas sorption analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The photocatalytic activity of Ni/BC was evaluated for methyl violet (MV) photocatalytic oxidation. The results from XRD, XPS and TEM analyses identified single nickel nanoparticles dispersed on the biochar structure ranging from 30–50 nm in size. The dispersed nickel nanoparticles increased the BET specific surface area of biochar from 3.92 m2/g to 74.12 m2/g oxidation. High photocatalytic activity of the Ni/BC was exhibited by complete MV removal in 30 min for the concentration ranging from 10–80 mg/L. In addition, the Ni/BC showed stability in the pH range of 4–10 and reusability without any activity change until fifth usage. The separable photocatalyst is related to magnetism of about 13.7 emu/g. The results highlighted the role of biochar as effective support for Ni as photoactive material.
Sidoarjo Regency is one of the supporting districts of East Java province. Sidoarjo Regency is experiencing rapid progress because of the development and potential in trade and industry. One of the industries often found in Sidoarjo Regency is tofu factory. The rapid number of tofu craftsmen industry has caused an increase in the volume of liquid waste which also flows into water bodies. The purpose of this study was to determine the reduction in BOD and COD levels for the tofu factory wastewater treatment in the Sepande area, Sidoarjo Regency using a contructed wetland with Typha latifolia as the remediator. The research stage will be carried out using a laboratory scale using acclimatization as the adaptation stage of Typha latifolia and a crontructed wetland reactor as phytoremediation processing. Based on the results and discussion, it can be concluded that there was a decrease in BOD and COD levels in the tofu industrial wastewater in Sidoarjo using the Constructed Wetland system. The percentage reduction in BOD content was greatest in soil media with 3 stems of Typha latifolia plants and a detention time of 4 days of 72%. While the largest percentage reduction in COD levels was in soil media with 2 stems of Typha latifolia plants and 4 days of detention time of 84%.
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