Diabetes mellitus is the most common human disease and there is growing interest for plant based therapy in managing diabetes mellitus specifically in the developing world. In the present study, Rhazya stricta Decne extract was analysed for its antidiabetic activities. Crude methanolic extracts of different plant parts were tested in vivo on albino mice Balb-C, for the reduction of blood glucose, urea, cholesterol, triacylglycerides and glycosylated haemoglobin. Results obtained showed that leaves of R. stricta have best antidiabetic effect by reducing blood glucose level, Glycosylated haemoglobin, triacylglycerides and Cholesterol in hyperglycaemic mice. The R. stricta leaves extract being most active was further fractionated by solvent extraction using n- Hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and water and all fractions were tested for same activities. It was found that ethyl acetate fraction is most effective in the reduction of blood glucose level at fasting and random conditions and blood glucose reduction was comparable to Glucophage, a standard antidiabetic drug. The present study suggests that Rhazya stricta leaves extract and its ethyl acetate fraction has great potential for development of antidiabetic drug.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v4i2.21484 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, January 2015, 4(2): 353-361
Lignocellulose materials are abundant renewable resource for the production of biofuel from fermentative organism (Sacchromyces cervesiae). Rice polish is cheapest and abundant lignocelluloses resource and has potential to produce bioethanol. The main steps for the conversion of biomass into glucose required dilute acid pretreatment, but it also released inhibitory compounds which reduced the ethanol yield. So, attempt has been made to minimize the effect of inhibitory compounds as well as optimized the condition like glucose recovery, xylose solubilization and lignin degradation during dilute acid pretreatment. Maximum lignin degradation, less glucose loss, better xylose solubilization obtained with dilute sulphuric acid 1.5% at 100°C for 30 min. During enzymatic hydrolysis (Novozyme) with 0.75 mL/2 g, enzymatic loads for 72 h gave 4.27mg/mL glucose while with indigenous enzyme load 1 mL/2 g gave 0.953 mg/mL of glucose.
Ligninolytic enzymes are employed for the production of second-generation biofuel to minimize fuel crisis. Additionally, they play a crucial role in global carbon cycle and a variety of applications in food, agriculture, paper and textile industries. On a large scale production of ligninolytic enzymes, microorganisms can be cultured on lignocellulosic wastes. In the present study, proximate analysis including acid detergent lignin (ADL), acid detergent cellulose (ADC), acid detergent fi ber (ADF) and acid insoluble ash (AIA) were performed for Platanus orientalis (chinar), Bauhinia variegata (orchid tree), Pinus roxburghii (chir pine), wheat straw and wheat husk. Platanus orientalis was selected as substrate because of higher lignin contents for the production of ligninolytic enzymes by Aspergillus fl avus. Solid State Fermentation was used and Response Surface Methodology was employed for optimizing various parameters and enzymes production. Maximum production was achieved at temperature 32°C, fermentation period 120 hours, pH 4.5, inoculums size 3.5 mL, substrate mesh size 80 mm, substrate size 7 g. Maximum purifi cation of laccase, manganese peroxidase (MnP) and lignin peroxidase (LiP) was achieved with 50%, 60% and 40% ammonium sulfate respectively and it was enhanced by gel fi ltration chromatography. Characterization of enzymes shows that Laccase has 35°C optimum temperature, 4.5 pH, 0.289 mM Km and 227.27 μM/ml Vmax. Manganese peroxidase has 30°C optimum temperature, 5.5 pH, 0.538 mM Km and 203.08 μM/ml Vmax. Lignin peroxidase has 30°C optimum temperature, 3 pH, 2 mM Km and 2000 uM/ml Vmax. Protein concentrations found in crude extracts and partially purifi ed enzymes are respectively: laccase 1.78 and 0.71 mg/ml, MnP 1.59 and 0.68 mg/ml. LiP, 1.70 and 0.69 mg/ml.
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