Hypertension and hyperlipidemia are interrelated and share common pathophysiologic mechanisms, such as insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. Accumulating evidence shows that it is important to regulate hypertension and hyperlipidemia to reduce cardiovascular risk. However, medications such as beta-blockers and thiazide diuretics, which are widely used for blood pressure regulation, are known to have several metabolic side effects. Despite deleterious effects on glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism, these medications have been proven to reduce cardiovascular risk. On the other hand, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and alpha-blockers have either no effect or favorable effects on the lipid profile. This review outlines the need to control hypertension, options for several antihypertensive medications, their differing effects on lipid metabolism, and the clinical implications of their effects on lipid parameters.
Objective Our objective was to assess the gender-related effects of alcohol consumption on blood pressure (BP) in a representative sample of the adult US population.Methods We examined data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000. The effects of various risk factors for hypertension on BP were examined with analysis of covariance statistics. ResultsOf the 5448 adults over 20 years of age, 2650 (48.7%) reported the intake of one or more drinks per day over the past year. In this population, the mean W SEM age was 46.9 W 0.34 years, the body mass index was 24.8 kg/m 2 , 1257 (47.4%) were women, systolic BP was 124.3 W 0.44 mmHg and diastolic BP was 72.7 W 0.27 mmHg. Hypertension was reported in 21.1%, diabetes in 5.1% and cigarette smoking in 39.7%. A significant effect on systolic BP was shown with age (P < 0.01), body mass index (P < 0.01), race (P U 0.01), gender (P < 0.01) and diabetes (P < 0.01). The interaction with gender and alcohol drinking level was significant (P U 0.02). Post-hoc analysis localized the source of this effect. There was a significant increase in systolic BP between one and three and between one and four, but not between one and two, drinks per day in men. This effect was not observed in women.Conclusion Consistent with previous reports, our study suggests that alcohol intake up to two drinks per day has no effect on BP. There was a gender-related effect of alcohol intake in excess of two drinks per day on BP, with increased BP observed only in men but not in women. J Hypertens 25:965-970 Q 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Journal of Hypertension 2007, 25:965-970
We present a case of a 41-year-old woman with medical history significant for urolithiasis presenting to our hospital for psychiatric evaluation due to worsening depression and suicidal ideations for the past 2 weeks. Initial laboratory results show hypercalcaemia of 13.5 mg/mL that led to consulting internal medicine. On further questioning, the patient admitted to cosmetic silicone injections in her buttocks which were causing calcium deposition under her skin, leading to disfigurement of the sacrum and lumbar regions. She underwent further evaluation with CT and laboratory testing, which effectively ruled out malignancy and primary hyperparathyroidism. The hypercalcaemia was diagnosed as non-PTH-dependent with high levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and low PTH. She eventually underwent tissue biopsy confirming the presence of silicone granulomas responsible for the calcitriol-mediated hypercalcaemia. This case reminds one to keep a broad differential especially in patients with hypercalcaemia in which malignancy and primary hyperparathyroidism have been ruled out.
Calcitriol-mediated hypercalcemia is a frequent manifestation of hematological malignancies. However, there are a few reports of cases presenting with increased angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) level, which suggests a possible mechanism similar to that of granulomatous diseases. We present a patient with hypercalcemia, normal parathyroid hormone, and parathyroid hormone-related protein levels but high calcitriol and ACE levels that, after further investigation, was diagnosed with bilateral adrenal non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma. Primary adrenal lymphoma represents only 1% of all non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and is usually asymptomatic but should be considered by clinicians among the malignancies that cause calcitriol-mediated hypercalcemia.
This communication describes histological changes in the thyroid gland of rats under the acute stress of O-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg). It has been observed that CS, when injected, causes histological changes in the thyroid of varying degrees, depending on the dose used.
This investigation describes histological and cytometrical changes of cortical and medullary tissue of adrenal in rats under the acute stress of O-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg). It has been observed that after injection of CS, the adrenal gland showed histological changes both in the cortical and medullary region.
Introduction Glucagonoma is an uncommon neoplasm of the pancreatic neuroendocrine islet α-cells. At least 50% of cases will have metastatic disease when diagnosed. Glucagonomas can be associated with other tumors in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome 1 (MEN 1), but this association is rare and comprises no more than 3% of glucagonomas. Glucagonoma syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic phenomenon characterized by necrolytic migratory erythema (NME), hyperglucagonemia, diabetes mellitus, anemia, weight loss, glossitis, cheilitis, steatorrhea, diarrhea, and venous thrombosis. Case presentation A 55-year-old Caucasian woman was admitted for acute onset of shortness of breath and she was seen by endocrinology team for persistent hyperglycemia. Her medical history revealed a long-standing uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus and an episode of left lower extremity deep-vein thrombosis. Her physical exam revealed tachycardia, otherwise unremarkable, with no skin lesions. Laboratory results showed hyperglycemia (387 mg/dl), Hemoglobin A1C, 9%, and hypoalbuminemia (3.4 g/dl). Her Hemoglobin (13 g/dl), white cell count (6100/μL), and platelet level (19.3 × 104/μL) were within normal limits. The patient underwent CT pulmonary angiogram, which showed a large saddle pulmonary embolism as well as a distal pancreatic mass measuring 4.5×3.4 cm, which contains numerous coarse calcifications. Pancreatic mass was confirmed in a CT abdomen and pelvis with contrast. CA 19-9 was elevated to 51 U/ml (normal range, 0- 35U/ml). The GI team performed an Endoscopic Ultrasound, and samples were sent for FNA and flow cytometry which revealed a 4 cm irregular heterogeneous mass with calcifications at the distal pancreatic body, positive for Pankeratin (CK), Cam 5.2, Synaptophysin, Chromogranin A, and CD56, consistent with Pancreatic neuroendocrine Tumor. Her serum glucagon level was elevated to 447 pg/mL (normal range, 50 -150 pg/mL), while her levels of other hormones, such as somatostatin or gastrin, were within normal limits. Glucagonoma of the pancreas was diagnosed, and a spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy was performed. Histopathological examination revealed a 5.9 cm alpha-cell pancreatic tumor without lymphovascular or perineural tumor invasion. (AJCC 8th edition staging II, pT3, pN0, MX, G1). Immunohistochemical staining was strongly positive for glucagon. A gallium-68 positron emission tomography (68Ga-PET, Netspot) did not show metastasis. Post resection surveillance showed normalization in Glucagon level and no evidence of recurrence in CT abdomen. Conclusion The diagnosis of glucagonoma is often delayed due to unusual initial manifestations of glucagonoma. Early diagnosis provides a good chance of complete surgical removal as the only curative treatment. Presentation: No date and time listed
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.