As a leading cause of hysterectomy in premenopausal women. uterine leiomyomas are a major public health problem. However, very little work has been done on their epidemiology. Indeed, their true frequency has never been established using systematic and meticulous methods. In this study, gross serial sectioning at 2-mm intervals was applied as an adjunct to routine pathology processing in 100 consecutive total hysterectomy specimens. This tripled the number of leiomyomas noted in routine pathology reports. There were 649 leiomyomas in 77 of 100 uteri, with multiplicity of leiomyomas in 84%. Although leiomyomas were more numerous and larger in women with a clinical diagnosis of myomatous uterus, the incidence was no higher than in uteri removed for other reasons. The postmenopausal incidence of leiomyomas was no lower than the premenopausal incidence, although postmenopausal leiomyomas were smaller and fewer. These findings suggest that epidemiologic studies of leiomyomas may not be valid if they are based only on clinical diagnoses or routine pathology reports.

More prospective studies are required to assess causation. Despite this, our thematic analysis revealed consistent findings across many papers. This information can be used to inform prevention and interventions to tackle burnout. The associated factors should not be addressed individually, as they are inter-related.

A case of accidental electrocution with previously unreported arteriographic evidence of cerebral vein thrombosis is presented. A brief description of early and late neurological complications and current theories attempting to explain the histopathological findings of electric injury are reviewed. The occurrence and persistence of late neurological complications are elucidated. A report of an accidental electrocution with 800 V of alternating current in a young man is presented. Cerebral angiography showed a cerebral vein thrombosis. The immediate complications included loss of consciousness, confusion, memory loss, and headache. Late complications of right-sided clumsiness, sensory loss, hemianopsia, and neglect persisted for more than 1 year despite the brain being outside the current pathway. High-voltage electric injury may cause cerebral vein thrombosis with significant early and delayed brain injury even when the brain lies outside the current pathway.

The growth of the hippocampus was studied in normal and hypothyroid rats using both biochemical and morphological techniques, and the results were compared with observations on the whole forebrain or on the cerebral cortex. The longitudinal growth, area and the volume of the hippocampus was severely reduced in thyroid deficiency. In the cerebral cortex the longitudinal growth and some of the parameters of transverse development were significantly decreased at the rostral but not at the caudal level. On rehabilitation from day 35 to 160 the longitudinal growth remained decreased in both the brain parts while the transverse growth was restored to normal in the cerebral cortex but not in the hippocampus. In the normal hippocampus about 60% of the cells were formed during the first 3 postnatal weeks. This developmental increase was significantly depressed in hypothyroid rats; the final deficit in cell number was about 13%. The rate of cell acquisition was calculated from the slopes of the logistic curves fitted to the data of DNA content. At the age of maximal cell acquisition (at day 2–3) the daily deposition was 0.44 × 10⁶ cells in controls and 0.34 × 10⁶ cells in the hypothyroid rats. In controls the concentration of DNA decreased in the hippocampus during maturation. Thyroid deficiency did not influence this developmental trend. In contrast, a severe reduction was observed in the cellular composition of RNA and protein.

LRT was not infrequent in ill newborns. Most were premature and half were not very low birth weight. We recommend monitoring of thyroid function by serum specimen in ill newborns with prolonged ICU care regardless of birth weight.

No abstract

Inadequate vitamin B12 status in a pregnant woman increases the risk for adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. The use of serum vitamin B12 concentration alone to assess vitamin B12 status in pregnant women is unreliable because of the decrease in serum vitamin B12 levels in normal pregnancy. The combination of serum vitamin B12 and methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations may provide a better estimate of vitamin B12 status. We obtained blood samples from 98 pregnant women in the third trimester at an antenatal clinic in Jos, Nigeria. All subjects were taking iron and folate supplements. Twelve of the subjects had a serum vitamin B12 concentration <148 pmol/l and 18 subjects had a serum MMA level >271 nmol/l. Using a combination of low serum vitamin B12 and elevated MMA concentrations, eight subjects were classified as having subclinical vitamin B12 deficiency. Because of the potential harmful consequences of vitamin B12 deficiency in pregnant women, it would be advisable to add vitamin B12 supplements to the existing regimen of folate and iron supplements currently provided to pregnant women in Nigeria.

Background: Induction of labour defined as artificial initiation of uterine contractions before the onset of spontaneous labour, after the period of viability, by any methods. The successful outcome depends on the Bishop Score, maternal age and parity. Authors compared the most preferred two routes; vaginal and oral for induction and outcome, adverse events and side effects were noted.Methods: This was a prospective comparative study carried out at SVPIMSR, Ahmedabad, from January 2019 to June 2019, Gujarat, 100 patients who required induction were randomly divided in two groups- Group A received 25µg oral misoprostol, Group B - received 25µg vaginal misoprostol repeated 4 hourly up to maximum five doses in both groups. The induction to delivery interval, mode of delivery, maternal and neonatal outcome and complications were observed.Results: The mean induction to delivery interval was less in vaginal group than oral (18.7 hours in vaginal versus 22.4 hours in oral). Vaginal delivery and caesarean section rates were comparable in both groups. 60% patients in Group A required more than two doses as compared to 36% in Group B. No major complications or adverse events were observed.Conclusions: Both oral misoprostol in a dose of 25μg and vaginal misoprostol 25μg every four hours, to a maximum of five doses, have safety and efficacy for induction. With The vaginal route, delivery occurs in less time and few doses required as compared to oral.