Arq Bras Cardiol volume 82, (suplemento V), 2004 Diretrizes da Cirúrgia de Revascularização Miocárdica 3 Avaliação Pré-OperatóriaOs objetivos do tratamento cirúrgico da insuficiência coronariana são aliviar sintomas, proteger o miocárdio isquêmico, melhorar a função ventricular, prevenir o infarto do miocárdio, recuperar o paciente físico, psíquica e socialmente, prolongar a vida e a sua qualidade.A avaliação pré-operatória é importante e tem como finalidade minimizar os riscos cirúrgicos e, também, prevenir as complicações pós-operatórias.A decisão de postergar a cirurgia com objetivo de tratar uma co-morbidade é uma decisão difícil e que deve ser bem avaliada. A decisão deve focar ambas as condições, a indicação primária (cardíaca) e a co-morbidade. A severidade da angina e a da dispnéia devem ser quantificadas, de acordo com os critérios da Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) e New York Heart Association (NYHA) 8,9 . Avaliação clínicaA avaliação clínica compreende história clínica; exame físico e exames laboratoriais.História clínica -a) determinação dos fatores de risco: história de fumo, história familiar de doença arterial coronariana, diabetes, obesidade mórbida, dislipidemia, insuficiência renal, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, hipertensão pulmonar, história de acidente vascular cerebral, doença obstrutiva pulmonar, doença vascular periférica, doença vascular cerebral, características demográficas-idade e sexo; b) intervenção cardiovascular prévia: endoarterectomia de carótida, outra cirurgia vascular e procedimentos não cirúrgicos-angioplastia, aterectomia, laser, stent, trombólise e valvoplastia com balão; c) história: insuficiência cardíaca congestiva, infarto do miocárdio, ressuscitação cardíaca, tipo de angina, choque cardiogênico, arritmias-ventriculares, bloqueio AV, fibrilação atrial, aguda ou crônica; d) avaliação da dor torácica e de "equivalentes isquêmicos", como dispnéia ao esforço físico, ou dor no braço com esforço físico; e) critérios da Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) 10 : classe 0: sem angina; classe I: angina aos grandes esforços; classe II: leve limitação às atividades de rotina; classe III: limitação importante das atividades físicas; classe IV: sem condições de realizar qualquer atividade física, angina em repouso.Exame físico -a) pressão arterial: medição nos dois braços. Quando apresentam diferença de pressão entre o direito e o esquerdo, com este menor que aquele, < 15 a 20mm/hg, deve se dar atenção para o paciente cirúrgico no momento do empre go do enxerto de ATIE, pois esta alteração pode causar, no pós-operatório, a chamada "síndrome do roubo". Portanto, é importante, nesta avaliação, afastar estenose de artéria subclávia esquerda ou pensar na presença de aneurisma dessecante de aorta; b) palpação dos pulsos periféricos e carotí-deos: importante para se programar cirurgia combinada ou tratar a lesão arterial em questão antes da revascularização miocárdica; c) ausculta cardíaca: deve-se também avaliar de maneira atenta a ausculta do precórdio, para confirmar ou não a...
Objective: The purpose of the present study is to compare and analyze the benefits of this operation with and without cardiopulmonary bypass in octogenarian patients. Method: Retrospective data of patients aged eighty years or more from December 1995 to December 2003 were analyzed. During this period 73 patients were submitted to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), 26 (35.6%) on-pump and 47 (64.4%) off-pump. A comparison was made of the demographic data, preoperative risks, concurrent morbid conditions, types of angina, postoperative complications and surgical outcomes between the on-pump and off-pump groups. The Student t-test was used to compare the groups and the level of significance was set at p-value < 0.05. Results: Both groups showed a high preoperative risk, although the off-pump group presented less surgical mortality (11.5% vs. 2.1%, p < 0.05). No strokes were observed in the patients operated on off-pump (11.5% vs. 0.0%, p < 0.005). Atrial fibrillation (AF) in the immediate postoperative period was present less often in the off-pump group (30.8% vs. 12.8%, p < 0.005). The postoperative mechanical ventilation time and the presence of respiratory failure were less in the off-pump group (p < 0.005). The presence of acute renal insufficiency (ARI) was 19.2% in the on-pump group and 0% in the off-pump group (p < 0.05). There was less need for transfusion of blood or blood derivatives in the off-pump group (69.2% vs. 31.9%, p < 0.005). The mean sojourn in the intensive care unit (ICU) was shorter in the off-pump group (p < 0.05). The percentage of patients with no postoperative complications was higher in the off-pump group than in the on-pump group (89.4% vs. 61.5%, p <0.001). Conclusions: The present study suggests that patients aged eighty years and over benefit when submitted to off-pump CABG and that this procedure is associated with low rates of postoperative complications such as strokes, AF, ARI and respiratory insufficiency, and with less time in the ICU, a shorter hospital sojourn, less use of blood derivatives and lower mortality. In octogenarian patients off-pump CABG is a safe and effective technique, and may be the operation of choice when correctly indicated.
SummaryBackground: Optimization of the saphenous vein for myocardial revascularization.
RBCCV 44205-212 LIMA, R. C.; ESCOBAR , M.; WANDERLEY NETO, J.; TORRES , L. D.; ELIAS, D. O. ; MENDONÇA, J. T.; LAGRECA, R. ; DELLASSANTA, R. ; GRANJA, L. G.; FARIAS, M.; GAMA, H. -Revascularização do miocárdio em circulação extracorpórea: resultados imediatos. Rev. Bras. Gir. Gardiovasc., 8 (3) : 171 -176, 1993. RESUMO: A cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio sem uso de circulação extracorpórea (CEC) foi realizada por TRAPP & BISARYA 14, na década de 70. Coube , entretanto, a BUFFOLO et a Iii 2. 3 em nosso
Estudo comparativo entre cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica com e sem circulação extracorpórea em mulheresComparative study between on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass graft in women of Abstract Background: It has been well documented that women have higher morbidity and mortality rates than men following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. In view of this evidence, it is necessary to know if there is benefit to off-pump CABG surgery in women in comparison to on-pump CABG.Objectives: Compare outcomes between off-pump CABG and on-pump CABG in women.Methods: Retrospective study. Our investigation analyzes comparatively clinical profile, thirteen procedure complications and mortality of a population of 941 consecutive women undergoing CABG surgery (549 off-pump and 392 on-pump) at two hospitals for the period January 2000 to December 2005.Results: Mortality rate for women undergoing off-pump CABG surgery is lower than for women undergoing on-pump surgery, however, not statistically significant (3.1% vs 5.3%; P=0.134). The complication rates analyzed (hemorrhagic shock, neurologic, respiratory, acute renal failure, adult respiratory distress syndrome, septicemia, pneumonia, atrial fibrillation) were lower (significant statistically difference) for women off-pump than women on-pump, with the exception of low cardiac output and wound infection.Conclusions: Evidence suggests that off-pump CABG surgery may be better for women than on-pump CABG 239 SÁ, MPBO ET AL -Comparative study between on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass graft in women Bras Cir Cardiovasc 2010; 25(2): 238-244 in outcomes in female patients undergoing on-pump CABG compared with those undergoing OPCAB, tracing the preoperative clinical profile and analyzing the differences in rates of complications and possible differences in mortality rates. Rev METHODSWe studied 941 female patients undergoing CABG with two centers:
Objective: Over the past few years, great strides have been made in off-pump coronary surgery. This progress is due to a combination of the advances in surgical techniques and the development of instruments that make it possible to perform this procedure in the most varied situations. This is a retrospective study, the purpose of which is to assess our experience with this procedure over the last eleven and a half years. The authors underscore the rapid progress of the method in recent years and report on its indications, contraindications and results.Methods: In the period from August 1991 to December 2003, 3,410 consecutively patients suffering from angina pectoris were submitted to off-pump coronary surgery. Ages ranged from 13 to 93 years, with a mean of 63 ± 12.0 years. Males accounted for 58% of the cases. The angina was rated according to the criteria of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society, 6.1% of the patients being in Class I, 6.8% in Class II, 46.3% in Class III and 40.8% in Class IV.Results: Intraoperative mortality was low (0.4%). Hospital mortality (30 postoperative days) was 2.5%. Mortality and morbidity among the octogenarian patients were extremely low compared with patients operated on with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (2.2% versus 12.6%) (p<0.001). Postoperative complications regarded as nonfatal occurred in 7.6%. In the final year no difference was observed between the number of conduits in the patients operated on with and without CPB [with CPB 2.8 ± 1.2 and without 2.8 ± 0.8 (NS)]. Acute myocardial infarction was the most frequent complication, occurring in 2.7% of the patients. The mean time in the intensive care unit was 22.3 hours.Conclusions: Off-pump coronary surgery, employed as a revascularization technique in patients requiring multiple grafts, is a reproducible procedure, the results of which are similar to those obtained from conventional surgery with CPB. In the present series it was possible to perform coronary artery bypass grafting without CPB in 95% of the patients, thus making all patients with indication for grafting potential candidates for the procedure without CPB.Descriptors: coronary disease, coronary artery bypass grafting; off-pump coronary surgery. Cardiovasc 2003; 18(3): 261-267 EXPERIENCE OF THE SERVICE Rev Bras Cir
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