Introduction: Diabetes is a disease whose control requires effective self-care and patient education. Multimedia Messaging Service-based (MMS) education is one of the new methods for education. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two types of in-person and MMS-based education in the Telegram application on self-care and weekly fasting blood sugar levels in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes. Methods: In this clinical trial, a sample of 66 patients with diabetes who referred to the Sina hospital in Tabriz, were randomly assigned into two groups: in person and MMSM-based education. Data gathering tools included a demographic form, Toobert’s self-care activities questionnaire (as primary outcome), and a checklist to record fasting blood sugar weekly measured by a glucometer. Data were analyzed using independent and paired sample t-tests, chi-square, and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: After the education the mean scores of self-care in terms of diet, exercise, foot care, and blood sugar testing activity significantly increased in both groups (P<0.05) and results of ANCOVA of the scores for all dimensions revealed no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). Reduction in the fasting weekly blood sugar levels over a 12-week period were statistically significant in both groups (P<0.05). But there was no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). Conclusion: MMS-based education same as in-person, improves self-care in patients with diabetes. Given the disadvantages of in-person education, this new educational strategy can be used to facilitate the patient education process and improve its quality.
Introduction: Empathy, spiritual intelligence and social responsibility are Factors affecting on expanding the quality of nursing services and can have a basic role on the patients' rights. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between empathy and spiritual intelligence with nurses' attitudes towards the rights of patients with mediation of social responsibility. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study based on the structural model was conducted on 300 nurses in west Azerbaijan in 2016. Data gathering instruments included the Jefferson empathy scale, Salkovskis responsibility scale, King spiritual intelligence scale and the questionnaire of patients' rights of Hoshmand et al. Data were analyzed using descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and inferential (Pearson correlation coefficient and Path analysis) statistics with SPSS and Amos-22 software. Results: The results showed a significant direct effect of empathy (P = 0.04, r = 0.05), spiritual intelligence (P = 0.04, r =-0.19), and social responsibility (P = 0.001, r = 0.62) on nurses' attitudes towards the rights of patients. The results also showed an indirect effect of empathy (P = 0. 05) and spiritual intelligence (P = 0. 03) on nurses' attitudes towards the rights of patients with mediation of the social responsibility. Also, 40% of the variance of the nurses' attitudes towards the rights of patients was determined using empathy, spiritual intelligence and responsibility. Conclusions: It seems that increasing empathy, spiritual intelligence and responsibility can improve the nurses' attitudes towards the rights of patients. In order to consider the rights of patients, it is recommended that necessary actions be performed in training empathy, spiritual intelligence and social responsibility among nurses.
Introduction: Body dysmorphic disorder, is one of the most common causes of cosmetic surgery. The aim of this research is to compare the effectiveness of personal intelligence and body intelligence training on the symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder in cosmetic surgery applicants with mixed models. Methods: This study is semi-experimental study which was conducted through pre-test, posttest and follow-up. Statistical samples of the present study consisted of 48 applicants who referred to Tabriz cosmetic surgery centers in 2016. Samples were randomly divided in to three groups of 16 (personal intelligence, body intelligence training groups and control groups). For collecting data, "Mayer's Personal Intelligence", "Anderson's Body Intelligence", and "Body Dysmorphic Metacognition Questionnaire (BDMÇQ)" Were used. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed in the previous studies. The data was analyzed with SPSS.22 statistical software. Results: Results shows that the personal intelligence and the body intelligence training have significant effects on decreasing the body dysmorphic disorder in the cosmetic surgery applicants (F= 3.8; P<0.006). But difference effectiveness of these interventions is not significant to treat the body dysmorphic disorder in cosmetic surgery applicants (F=-2.87; P>0.05). Conclusions: Both of the therapeutic methods are effective in reducing body dysmorphic disorder in cosmetic surgery. Therefore, it is recommended that these therapies can be used to reduce body dysmorphic disorder in cosmetic surgery.
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