Psychosocial risk factors, such as perceived stress, not only increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, but also act as barriers for treatment adherence and cardiac rehabilitation. In this study, we examined the predictive role of perceptions for illness to perceived stress in Iranian patients participating in a cardiac rehabilitation program. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 to determine correlations of demographic variables and domains of illness perception with perceived stress, and to develop a predictive model for perceived stress. In total, 150 patients with cardiovascular disease, who were admitted to a cardiac rehabilitation center, completed the questionnaires. (i) demographic and health-related characteristics; (ii) the Perceived Stress Scale-14; and (iii) the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire. The mean perceived stress was 16.2 (8.4), and five illness perception subscalestimeline, personal control, treatment control, understanding and emotional responsewere associated with increased perceived stress. Variables in the multi-variate predictive model accounted for 48% of the total variance in perceived stress. The results demonstrated the value of assessing and managing the patients' perceptions of illness to reduce their perceived stress, which could support adherence to cardiac rehabilitation programs. K E Y W O R D S cardiac rehabilitation, cardiovascular, Iran, psychosocial risk factor, stress
Introduction: Empathy, spiritual intelligence and social responsibility are Factors affecting on expanding the quality of nursing services and can have a basic role on the patients' rights. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between empathy and spiritual intelligence with nurses' attitudes towards the rights of patients with mediation of social responsibility. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study based on the structural model was conducted on 300 nurses in west Azerbaijan in 2016. Data gathering instruments included the Jefferson empathy scale, Salkovskis responsibility scale, King spiritual intelligence scale and the questionnaire of patients' rights of Hoshmand et al. Data were analyzed using descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and inferential (Pearson correlation coefficient and Path analysis) statistics with SPSS and Amos-22 software. Results: The results showed a significant direct effect of empathy (P = 0.04, r = 0.05), spiritual intelligence (P = 0.04, r =-0.19), and social responsibility (P = 0.001, r = 0.62) on nurses' attitudes towards the rights of patients. The results also showed an indirect effect of empathy (P = 0. 05) and spiritual intelligence (P = 0. 03) on nurses' attitudes towards the rights of patients with mediation of the social responsibility. Also, 40% of the variance of the nurses' attitudes towards the rights of patients was determined using empathy, spiritual intelligence and responsibility. Conclusions: It seems that increasing empathy, spiritual intelligence and responsibility can improve the nurses' attitudes towards the rights of patients. In order to consider the rights of patients, it is recommended that necessary actions be performed in training empathy, spiritual intelligence and social responsibility among nurses.
High-quality ZnO thin films with polycrystalline hexagonal structure and (101) preferentially oriented were deposited on Si and corning glass substrates by reactive direct current magnetron sputtering. The effects of different oxygen concentration in carrier gas on structural, morphological and optical properties have been investigated. The increase of O 2 concentration resulted in the decrease of preferred orientation intensity and peak shifting to lower 2θ values. Scanning electron microscopic images showed a porous tapered columnar structure similar to the zone 1 of Thornton's structure zone model at lower O 2 content and a smooth microstructure similar to the zone T structure at highest O 2 content. AFM images showed that film morphology and surface roughness were influenced by O 2 concentration. UV-Vis-NIR measurements indicated that the UV absorption intensity of samples was increased and shifted to shorter wavelength (blue shift) at higher O 2 concentration. Moreover, the optical band gap increased from 3.91 to 4.41 eV as a function of the oxygen concentration.
In this paper, electron beam (e-beam) reduction method is applied for the catalyst layer preparation in the growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). A hot cathodic electron beam facility was employed to electron bombarding of catalyst layer before stage of CNTs growth. This new method leads to reducing the diameter of particles via sputtering and evaporating the surface of catalyst. The growth of CNTs was performed on the Fe catalyst layer with SiO 2 substrate in an environment of different mixed gases (H 2 , NH 3 and C 2 H 2 ) by thermal chemical vapor deposition (TCVD) system. The morphology of the electron beam reduced catalyst particles were probed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). All samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after growth of CNTs. SEM analyses clarified that the catalyst grains have been smaller under effect of electron beam bombardment.
Synthesis and growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from C 2 H 2 by thermal chemical vapour deposition (TCVD) using a mixture of different gases were investigated. A thin film of nickel was coated as catalyst on silicon substrates by ion beam sputtering technique. Various parameters such as thickness of oxide layer and time, as well as reduction temperature were investigated in view of obtaining the best conditions for CNTs growth. C 2 H 2 was very effective as carbon feedstock and NH 3 pretreatments were crucial steps towards obtaining a high density of nucleation sites for CNTs growth by inhibiting amorphous carbon generation in the initial stage of the synthesis. The substrate oxide layer was analysed by secondary ion mass spectrometry. The prepared CNTs were confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and were further characterised using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.
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