Background: Coats' disease is a non-hereditary ocular disease, with no systemic manifestation, first described by Coats in 1908. It occurs more commonly in children and has a clear male predominance. Most patients present clinically with unilateral decreased vision, strabismus or leukocoria. The most important differential diagnosis is unilateral retinoblastoma, which occurs in the same age group and has some overlapping clinical manifestations.

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The authors consider that the international revised diagnostic criteria have good applicability and are very useful to help in the diagnosis of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.

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The ocular manifestation led to the diagnosis and successful treatment of the systemic disease.

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The authors describe a case where the initial diagnosis, clinical and laboratorial, was compatible with ocular toxocariasis. Therefore the follow-up added to a histopathologic examination disclosed a different diagnosis, proving the importance of the histopathologic examination, mainly in presumable diagnostics.