Liquid–Liquid Extraction Column Module (LLECMOD) is a rigorous
and comprehensive bivariate population balance framework for dynamic
and steady-state modeling of liquid–liquid extraction columns.
Within LLECMOD, the user can simulate different types of extraction
columns, including stirred and pulsed ones. The basis of LLECMOD depends
on stable robust numerical algorithms based on an extended version
of a fixed pivot technique (to take into account interphase solute
transfer) and advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical
methods. In this work, mathematical models for pulsed packed and sieve
tray extraction columns are developed. The models are programmed using
visual digital FORTRAN and then integrated into the LLECMOD population balance model. As a case study, the steady-state performance
of pulsed packed and sieve-plate columns, under different operating
conditions, which include pulsation intensity and volumetric flow
rates, are simulated. The effect of pulsation intensity is found to
have a more profound effect on systems of high interfacial tension.
On the other hand, the variation of volumetric flow rates has a substantial
effect on the holdup, mean droplet diameter, and solute concentration
profiles for chemical systems with low interfacial tension. Two chemical
test systems recommended by the EFCE are used in the simulations.
Model predictions are successfully validated against experimental
data by adjusting the steady-state column hydrodynamics, using only
droplet coalescence empirical parameters.
Droplet Cluster -Analysis, Simulation and VisualizationOptical measurements are performed with an inline measurement technique in laboratory and pilot plant columns to obtain information about the droplet swarm at specific locations as a function of process parameters, e.g., time, energy input, and throughput. The column simulation tool LLECMOD was extended to packed and pulsed columns with the possibility of a free choice of the dispersed phase and mass transfer direction. The CFD simulation provides the basis for 3D simulation of hydrodynamics in stirred extraction columns. A one-group population balance model allows a determination of the changing droplet size with little additional CPU time. An enhanced visualization of the column data in 3D space allows fast and targeted analysis of the apparatus behavior.
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