Soils polluted by waste lubricant oils may affect the hydrosphere compromising the quality of drinking water resources and threatening the aquatic ecosystems. The objective of this study focused to remove waste-lubricant oils from different polluted sites in El-Minia governorate. In this respect some samples were collected from four different industrial sites and identified as sand, loamy sand, clay loam and loam. Then the field conditions were simulates using two experimental models packed with contaminated soil. The remediation processes carried out in both models using surfactant enhanced by air injection then by water washing. The parameters such as soil type, soil heterogeneity, time and washing process was investigated. The results indicated that the high efficiency of oil removal is obtained from sand where the clay loam gives the worst results. The results also reveal that, the high flushing and washing duration time can be attributed to the high percentage of mud in some sites over other sites. This means that the performance of surfactant flushing/water washing can be adversely affected by geologic heterogeneity. Finally, it's suitable to use pressurized liquid technologies in heterogeneous media, but cleanup times will be longer and more difficult than for the other similar homogeneous media.
Surfactants enhanced air sparging actually acts to displace the organic contaminant entrapped in soil pores. In this work, a comparison study was carried out between two air-flushing modes, namely, continuous air flushing and pulsed air flushing, which was conducted to remediate soil contaminated with waste-lubricant oil. Therefore, coarse sand was artificially polluted and mixed well with waste-lubricant oil at different concentrations of 10, 25 and 50 wt% to give the soil an oil blend. Then a laboratory glass column was established and backed with contaminated soil to study the effect of flow rate, pollutant and surfactant concentrations on the removal of waste-lubricant oil from soil. The contaminated soil was washed with pure water and flushed with both air-flushing modes at a pressure of 2 kPa and flow rate of 6 L min-1. After that fixed 300 mL nonionic surfactant solutions (NPEO 9.3) at concentrations of 3, 5 and 7 wt%, were poured individually along with air injection at the same pressure and flow rate. The treated soil was washed several times with pure water to eliminate the residual surfactant solutions. It was found that water washing and air injection remove 27 % of oil; however, air injection along with surfactant solutions increased the oil removal efficiency up to 90 %. Moreover, both air-flushing modes succeeded in removing the pollutant with majority to pulsed air mode over continuous mode; therefore, pulsed air flushing was applied for 25 and 50 wt% waste lubricant oils in presence of 3 wt% nonionic surfactant.
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