RESUME L'objectif de ce travail est d'évaluer la digestibilité du fourrage vert, C. pubescens, et son impact sur la croissance ainsi que la santé digestive du lapin de chaire en élevage artisanal. Deux lots de 15 lapins sevrés à 35 jours, élevés en cage individuelle et nourris à l'aide de deux aliments complémentés ou non avec du C. pubescens ont été constitués. La digestibilité des nutriments à 50 jours d'âge de la ration contenant le fourrage
ABSTRACT:This study aimed to assess the anaerobic status of the caecal biotope in the rabbit through the measurement of its redox potential (Eh). Since the caecal content has a high viscosity, the duration of the Eh measurement is high (10 to 20 min) and two methods were compared in 10 week-old rabbits: in vivo vs. post-mortem. In addition, Eh, pH and temperature of the caecal digesta were analysed according to caecotrophy and three periods in the day (soft faeces production: 08:00-10:00 h and 12:00-14:00 h; hard faeces production: 17:00-19:00 h) were compared, using 34 rabbits aged 65 d and weighing 2.3 kg. Caecal Eh decreased 2 min after measurement began, and then stabilised from 20 min onwards (from −152 to 221 mV, P<0.001), in contrast to caecal pH which remained constant over time. Mean values for Eh (at 20 min) and pH were -219 mV and 6.2 respectively, and did not change according to method or collection period. Only the caecal temperature was 2°C higher (P<0.001) for the in vivo (39°C) than for the post-mortem (37°C) method. Average caecal dry matter and total volatile fatty acid were on average 22 % and 106 mmol/L, and were affected neither by the method nor by the collection period. Caecal Eh was negatively correlated to caecal pH (R²=0.22; P=0.006, n=34), but not to other biotope traits. The Eh measurement in rabbit caecal content could be performed with a minimum recommended duration of 20 min, under anaesthesia or post-mortem. We confi rmed that the rabbit caecal ecosystem is highly anaerobic.
Dans cette revue nous avons synthétisé les données obtenues dans notre équipe et celles de la bibliographie afin de contribuer à une meilleure connaissance de l’écologie des communautés bactériennes et archées des fermenteurs digestifs des mammifères herbivores. L’analyse a porté sur la comparaison des deux principales stratégies digestives rencontrées chez les mammifères herbivores actuels : un fermenteur en position proximale, le rumen, et un fermenteur en position distale, le caecum. Parmi les espèces d’intérêt agronomique, la vache et le lapin on été choisis comme animaux modèles. Après avoir rappelé les caractéristiques anatomiques et physicochimiques de ces fermenteurs digestifs, nous avons analysé les spécificités de leurs communautés procaryotiques liées à l’hôte, la variabilité individuelle, la structuration spatiale (inter- et intra- fermenteurs digestifs) et la dynamique temporelle (journalière et hebdomadaire) avec ou sans perturbation nutritionnelle induite.
This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of indigenous phytase producing live yeast cultures on growth performance, phytate degradation and blood biochemical parameters of weanling rabbits. Fifty-six rabbits (28 males and 28 females) were allotted randomly into four groups containing a control and three groups administrated each with the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADR1B1, Hanseniaspora jakobsenii ADR3E1, Hanseniaspora guilliermondii RD31 during 8 weeks. The results showed that the administration of the three yeast strains accelerated the weight gain and improved rabbits growth performance in comparison to the control group, but did not affect the serum biochemical and hematological parameters. The highest weight gain (1715.95 ± 236 g), and phytate degradation rate (73.82% ± 0.92%) and the lowest biochemical parameters (triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL and LDL) were observed on rabbits fed with the yeast Hanseniaspora jakobsenii ADR3E1. This indigenous yeast species, which is used for the first time in animal feeding provided the best beneficial effects in rabbit breeding.Therefore, based on this finding, Hanseniaspora jakobsenii ADR3E1 can be recommended to supplement rabbit diets for growth performance and profitability enhancement.
The objective of this study was to contribute in improving knowledge on rabbit feeding in Gabon. This work was conducted with the aim of studying carcass characteristics and chemical composition of meat from rabbit induced by feeds containing P. phaseoloides. To that effect, 20 young female rabbits from local breed, weighing averagely 611 ± 33.20 g and aged about 6 weeks were randomly distributed in 4 groups of 5 animals each. The groups R0, R15, R20 and R25 were fed rations containing respectively 0%, 15%, 20% and 25% of P. phaseoloides. At the end of the trial, animals were slaughtered then eviscerated in order to evaluate carcass characteristics. Muscles were taken, ground and mixed for chemical analysis. No matter the ration, carcass characteristics showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). Highest protein contents in meat were recorded in animals from R15 (23.90% DM) and R20 (22.46% DM). The lowest fat content (5.41% DM) was that of animals from R25, followed by that from R20 (6.67% DM). Based on these results obtained, the ration containing 20% Pueraria phaseolides (R20) could be recommended.
The aim of this study was to characterize cattle (Bos Taurus) breading system in savannah and forest areas in Côte d'Ivoire. To achieve this objective, a formal survey was carried out among 490 breeders. It was carried out by surveys and interviews to characterize the farms. The rearing system, the different breeds bred, the size of the herd, the mode of reproduction and the other associated animal species with cattle breading were observed. The observations were compared by department and agro-ecological zone. The results showed two farming systems. These are the transhumant system and sedentary system. The sedentary system is more used (P<0.05), i.e. 79% of breeders. However, the transhumant system is still common in savannah areas. The livestock was composed mainly of zebu 28%, mestizos 33% and mixed (Zebu, mestizos, Méré, N’dama and Baoulé breeds). The local breeds Méré, Ndama and Baoulé represented less than 2% of the livestock. The size of the herd was less than 100 head in majority (P<0.05). Cattle farming was often associated with traditional poultry farming. This activity is secondary for 70.6% of breeders. The reproductive system was carried out in an uncontrolled manner. The breeding males were in the herd all the time.
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