The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of COVID-19 disease in the French national population of dialysis patients, their course of illness and to identify the risk factors associated with mortality. Our study included all patients on dialysis recorded in the French REIN Registry in April 2020. Clinical characteristics at last follow-up and the evolution of COVID-19 illness severity over time were recorded for diagnosed cases (either suspicious clinical symptoms, characteristic signs on the chest scan or a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) for SARS-CoV-2. A total of 1,621 infected patients were reported on the REIN registry from March 16th, 2020 to May 4th, 2020. Of these, 344 died. The prevalence of COVID-19 patients varied from less than 1% to 10% between regions. The probability of being a case was higher in males, patients with diabetes, those in need of assistance for transfer or treated at a self-care unit. Dialysis at home was associated with a lower probability of being infected as was being a smoker, a former smoker, having an active malignancy, or peripheral vascular disease. Mortality in diagnosed cases (21%) was associated with the same causes as in the general population. Higher age, hypoalbuminemia and the presence of an ischemic heart disease were statistically independently associated with a higher risk of death. Being treated at a selfcare unit was associated with a lower risk. Thus, our study showed a relatively low frequency of COVID-19 among dialysis patients contrary to what might have been assumed.

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In order to assess the effect of suckling regime on calf growth and milk yield and offtake of zebu cattle in Mali, 59 zebu cow-calf pairs were allocated to suckling regimes: RI, cows were milked completely and the milk was bottle-fed ad libitum to their calves; RII, calves were suckled ad libitum by their dams prior to milking; RIII, cows were milked partially then allowed to suckle their calves; RIV, ad libitum suckling of calves prior to milking during the first three months of lactation and partial milking prior to suckling thereafter. The highest lactation milk yield (1150.6 kg) and offtake (647.6 kg), but the poorest calf growth (261 g/d to weaning) were observed in RIII. RIV significantly improved calf growth, 310 g/d, while allowing a milk offtake of 294.4 kg.

The main goals of the demonstrator developed within the FRDISI (Foundation for Research, Development and Innovation in Engineering Sciences) in Casablanca (Morocco) are to allow the development of new concepts and tools in smartparking management. It will also permit to experiment other smart sensors and parking management analysis algorithms. The demonstrator will offer a platform to develop and experiment innovative solutions for an efficient management of the energy consumption of all the infrastructure and physical equipment of the smart-parking. Through our demonstrator, FRDISI will be able to help drivers, through a web or android application, to reduce parking search time, to make place reservation. This application proposes a lot of innovative functionality among them a reservation system. It will help the parking owners to increase the rotations of their parking spaces (near malls, near airports) which can positively impact the economic profitability of the parking infrastructure. In addition, the demonstrator produces green energy and is energy autonomous. For cities responsible, it proposes steps for the support tools' development in smart-parking and analyze the uses for a better definition of the mobility policy of the city. FRDISI will launch many subjects in applied research domain to improve and develop the know-how in the field, to develop and experiment innovative futurist solutions such as optimization algorithm in the parking rules according to demand (handicap, drop-off, public transport, funds conveyors, neighborhood markets, schools, events, etc.), implementing new sensor technologies and new modes of energy-efficient communication while taking advantage of existing telecommunication infrastructures (Internet of Things IoT Concept). As our platform will encourage the green mobility solutions by providing smart load for electric vehicles.