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This study investigated the unique shape of cotton fiber length distribution and explored its main features. One prominent feature revealed by the examination of a multitude of distributions measured on a wide range of cotton samples was the modality of the distribution pattern. Based on the experimental data, significant interactions were identified and highlighted between the distribution modality (quantitatively described as a measure of departure from unimodality), some fundamental properties of cotton fiber including maturity and strength, and the extent/aggressiveness of the mechanical processes undergone by the cottons.

Compact or condensed spinning technology is widely considered as the new benchmark for staple yarn quality. The enhanced structure of compact yarn typically results in a lower hairiness and improved mechanical properties. The present study examines these two key benefits of compact technology when applied to short-to-medium staple cotton. The main focus is on interaction effects involving various raw fiber properties rather than on the overall effects. The results show that, with some combinations of fiber characteristics, using the compact technology does not lead to significant hairiness reduction. However, yarn tensile properties (strength and elongation values) do not appear to be directly affected by these interactions.

The porosity and high surface-area-to-volume ratio of nanofiber membranes offer potential for diverse applications, including high-efficiency filters and barrier fabrics for use in protective textiles. The objective of this research is to examine the morphology and pore size distribution of nanofiber membranes prepared using two spinning methods, that is, electrospinning and forcespinning. The results indicate that fiber diameter is impacted by spinning solution viscosity in an analogous way for both spinning methods. Higher concentrations resulted in larger fiber diameters in both electrospun and forcespun membranes. Fiber diameter and membrane areal density were found to significantly impact membrane pore size distribution. A theoretical model was used to describe pore size variation and was found to agree with the empirical patterns in the case of electrospun membranes.

This paper introduces a new approach to modeling and parameterizing cotton fiber length distribution. The approach uses finite mixture models to derive a parametric expression of the fiber length probability density function. The model was applied to a multitude of empirical length distributions and proved to adequately parameterize the complex distribution patterns, as well as express the intrinsic and process-related factors determining their shape.

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This paper reviews some prominent applications and approaches to developing smart fabrics for wearable technology. The importance of flexible and electrically conductive textiles in the emerging body-centric sensing and wireless communication systems is highlighted. Examples of applications are discussed with a focus on a range of textile-based sensors and antennas. Developments in alternative materials and structures for producing flexible and conductive textiles are reviewed, including inherently conductive polymers, carbon-based materials, and nano-enhanced composite fibers and fibrous structures.

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