Abstract:The purpose of this article was to compare different waste heat recovery system technologies designed for automotive applications. A complete literature review is done and results in two comparative graphs. In the second part, simulation models are built and calibrated in order to assess the fuel consumption reduction that can be achieved on a real driving cycle. The strength of this article is that the models are calibrated using actual data. Finally, those simulations results are analyzed and the Rankine cycle and turbocompound are the two most profitable solutions. However the simulations of the turbocompound shows its limitations because the impact on the exhaust pressure drop is not taken into account in the assessment of the car fuel consumption. Fuel reduction of up to 6% could be achieved, depending on the driving cycle and the waste heat recovery technology.
In the present article, a model of scroll expander will be introduced. This model is able to evaluate the performance of a given machine with influence of the geometry. Several losses are also included by the model such as internal leakages, heat transfers or mechanical losses. The forces generated by the gas pressure on the involutes can also be calculated.That expander model is used in order to demonstrate its potential and provide some guidelines to the design of a new expander suitable for the application.
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In the context of a waste heat recovery application on a gasoline engine, tribological investigations have been mandatory in the design of a scroll expander. A new design has been proposed to reach higher temperature and investigations are made to ensure that the material of the parts in contact will provide good tribological performances, i.e. a low coefficient of friction and a low wear rate. This research will also prevent high mechanical losses in the machine and, therefore, increase its thermal efficiency. Some experiments have been conducted on six different materials for the tip seal of the expander and two materials for the counter face. Additionally, the experiments have been carried out for a dry and a steam-lubricated contact at several temperatures. This research does not aim to be an exhaustive tribological investigation but instead offers a first comparison between the different materials couples.
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