These results suggest that the peristomal skin is irritated by repeated peeling, resulting in physical damage to the horny layer of the skin. The presence of papules and erosion was not associated with the adhesive force of skin barriers. This finding suggests that these changes are associated with an inflammatory process, possibly caused by chemical substances within the skin barrier.
Zatebradine, diltiazem and propranolol are all antiarrhythmic agents, and all induce bradycardia, but each is known to have a different initial molecular mechanism: zatebradine is a channel blocker of the hyperpolarization-activated inward current (If ); diltiazem is a blocker of the L-type Ca2+ channel (ICaL), and propranolol is a β-blocker. To further investigate the mechanisms underlying their clinical effects, we studied their effects on heart rate variability (HRV) and QT-interval variability (QTV). To this end, guinea pigs were treated with either zatebradine (1.5 mg/kg, i.p.), diltiazem (40 mg/kg, i.p.) or propranolol (20 mg/kg, i.p.). A dose of each agent that decreased HR by 20–22% was used in this study. HRV and QTV were analyzed by a fast Fourier and/or a wavelet transform algorithm. Zatebradine, an If channel blocker, had no significant effect on HRV and QTV. Diltiazem, a non-dihydropyridine ICaL blocker, increased high frequency (HF) power and decreased the power ratio of the low frequency (LF) range to the HF range (L/H) in HRV, and increased QTV. Propranolol, a non-selective β-antagonist, decreased LF power and L/H ratios in HRV, and appreciably reduced QTV. These differences in pharmacological action may help us better understand the antiarrhythmic and/or proarrhythmic actions of these agents when they are used clinically for reducing HR.
This study included 113 infants with perianal fistulas. In these infants, time of onset of perianal abscesses after birth, the number of anal fistulas, the number of repetitions of treatment and the time interval between treatment and healing were evaluated. Eighty-three had 1 fistula, 23 had 2 fistulas and 7 had 3 or more fistulas. Half of the multi-tract anal fistulas occurred simultaneously and the other half occurred at different times. Peaks in the incidence of these fistulas were observed at 1 month and 6 months after birth (122 112 days). An edgeless U-shaped needle was used to inject 30 silver nitrate solution into the internal orifice of perianal fistulas. Subsequent neutralization was performed by injecting saline into the same internal orifice. In patients with multiple fistulas, each was treated separately in the same manner simultaneously.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.