Adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae is rare and is sometimes associated with Crohn's disease. Crohn's disease-associated adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae has a poor prognosis; however, little is known about the clinicopathological differences between Crohn's disease-associated adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae and usual adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae. We retrospectively searched patients' charts and pathology archives at Tokyo Yamate Medical Center and Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital for adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae. Clinical and pathological data were collected and immunohistochemical examinations were conducted. Overall survival rate was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic factors of overall survival were assessed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. We examined 82 cases of adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae. Fifty-nine of 82 cases (72%) had usual adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae, while the remaining 23 cases (28%) had Crohn's disease-associated adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae. Patients with Crohn's disease-associated adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae were diagnosed at a younger age and at a more advanced stage than those with usual adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae. Macroscopic and histological types were also different between usual adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae and Crohn's disease-associated adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae. Crohn's disease-associated adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae included more ulcerative types and high-grade adenocarcinomas. The rate of lymphovascular invasion was higher in Crohn's disease-associated adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae. Immunohistochemically, the expression of E-cadherin, p53, and MUC5AC differed between usual adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae and Crohn's disease-associated adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae. Patients with Crohn's disease-associated adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae exhibited worse overall survival than those with usual adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae, and vascular invasion was the strongest significant independent predictor of overall survival in patients with adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae. In conclusion, usual adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae and Crohn's disease-associated adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae have different clinicopathological characteristics and should be considered separate clinical entities.
Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and metastasis, therefore, inhibition of angiogenesis has emerged as a new therapy to treat cancers. Although vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) induces tumor growth and metastasis by its angiogenic property, the mechanism(s) of circadian rhythm in angiogenesis has not been fully analyzed. Here we revealed that VEGF mRNA expression level, protein expression level and its promoter activity belonged to circadian rhythm in human colon carcinoma cell line, HCT116 cells. HIF (hypoxia inducible factor)-1 also underwent circadian oscillation at levels of mRNA and promoter activity. Co-transfection of Bmal1 and Clock enhanced HIF-1 luciferase activity, but not VEGF luciferase activity, indicating that VEGF is not a direct target of Bmal1/Clock. However, inhibition of HIF-1 by chrysin resulted in disappearance of VEGF circadian oscillation, suggesting that HIF-1 is involved in the regulation of the VEGF expression. Moreover, circadian oscillation of VEGF and HIF-1 was induced by 100 nM of dexamethasone. These results suggest the link between the circadian oscillation between VEGF and HIF-1 , raising a possible strategy for chronotherapy in clinic.
Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group G (XPG) is one of the proteins involved in nucleotide excision repair, and is related to Xeroderma pigmentosum, a rare hereditary disease characterized by hypersensitivity to ultraviolet light, high incidence of actinic carcinomas and neurological abnormalities. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of XPG in sporadic human breast carcinoma and to determine whether it's expression was predictive for response to tamoxifenbased chemotherapy and survival in the patients with breast carcinoma. We investigated the expression levels of mRNA and protein of XPG in 43 sporadic human breast carcinomas by real time PCR and immunohistochemical analysis. All the patients were primarily treated with reductive surgery and doxorubicin and tamoxifen-based regimen. XPG expression was observed in 35 of 43 cases (81.4%). The proportion of the cases with high expression level of XPG was 48.8% (21/43 cases). Interestingly, the cases showing the expression of mRNA without detectable levels of protein were observed in 5 of 43 cases (11.6%). The sequence analysis showed one mutation such as deletion at codon117 that leads to a following stop codon. Moreover, patients with high expression levels significantly had a poorer overall survival than those with low expression level (P = 0.048). These results suggest that XPG may be the useful molecular marker to choose the anticancer drugs for tamoxifen-based chemotherapy in human sporadic breast carcinoma.
A 73-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of discomfort after defecation and stools with slime and blood-streaking.Rectal cancer was the most likely diagnosis clinically, but no definite diagnosis of rectal cancer could be achieved even by four times of biopsies. To improve the patient's quality of life, only stoma was created. Thereafter the patient's disease progressed to its termination, and extramurally growing rectal cancer was definitely diagnosed at autopsy.Colorectal cancer which exhibits the progressive pattern of forming a tumor extramurally has been reported in 25 cases in Japan. Of these 25 cases, only three cases were of rectal cancer, but the presence of such cases showing the special growing pattern like in this case must be kept in mind and deal with.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.