In the present study, an active component of Moringa peregrine (MP) was used in comparison with ferric chloride (FeCl₃) for the conditioning of water treatment sludge. The comparison was based on dewatering characteristics of the conditioned sludge determined by capillary suction time (CST), specific resistance to filtration (SRF), tests of time of filtration (TTF) and sludge cake moisture content. The results indicated that MP showed relatively comparable conditioning effect as ferric chloride. Sludge conditioned with ferric chloride, showed better results than MP. According to CST, SRF and tests of time of filtration (TTF) and sludge cake moisture content results, optimum dose for MP, and ferric chloride was 100 ml/l. From the results of the study it could be concluded that MP alone could be effectively used and replace ferric chloride for dewatering of water treatment sludge.
Significant rise in concentration of saline wastewater entering the treatment plants has been resulting in many problems in the biological treatment processes. On the other hand, the specific conditions of physicochemical treatment methods for saline and hyper saline wastewater have limited their application on a large-scale. Over the past few decades, Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) process has been widely used as an efficient, well-designed and practical approach for treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater due to its cost-effectiveness and simplicity. SBR Performance can enhance by providing simultaneous suspended and attached growth of microorganisms which act as a hybrid growth. In this study, a lab-scale Hybrid Sequencing Batch Reactor (HSBR) with 6.4 l working volume was used to examine the effect of salinity (NaCl), increased from 0 to 6.7% (g NaCl/ L wastewater), on the biological treatment. Therefore, COD, MLSS, MLVSS and SVI parameters have been measured over a period of 7 months of operation. The operational parameters namely pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature were 7.5–8.5, 1.5–6.8 mg /L and 20–25 °C respectively during whole experiment. Influent COD of synthetic wastewater was maintained at 650 ± 25 mg/L. The HSBR Cycle time including, influent feeding, React, Settling and effluent discharge were 1/20/1/1 h respectively. Results indicated that by increasing salt concentration from 0 to 67.7 g NaCl/L, the COD removal efficiency reduced from 94.22 to 53.69%. Moreover, as the NaCl concentration increased, MLSS rose up to 69%, while MLVSS almost stayed constant and SVI dropped by 83%. The results indicated that the simultaneous use of suspended and attached growth of microorganisms and gradual increasing of salt content of wastewater could lead to greater biomass concentration and ultimately improvement in the degradation of organic matter. Besides, settling performance and its velocity were noticeably improved by increasing salinity.
Industrial textile treatment is one of the most important and complex parts of wastewater treatment. Absorption is considered a desirable method in separating pollutants and dyes from water. In this study, the effectiveness of Moringa Peregrina seeds as a natural, non-toxic, and environment-friendly adsorbent in the treatment of colored wastewater has been investigated. First, the isotherm model and absorption kinetics were investigated, and then influential variables such as major and minor factors in the absorption process were identified. During the experiment, the amount of dye removal efficiency was measured by a spectrophotometer. Optimization of three important factors including color concentration, pH, and adsorbent dosage was done using the design of the composite central method, the response surface in the Design-Expert software. The optimal model for describing the adsorption process, the Freundlich and the pseudo-second-order model are obtained as a result and the adsorption capacity of moringa peregrina is 22.85 mg / g. In the end, code 19 acidic yellow dye with a concentration of 250 mg/L, pH = 8, and adsorbent in the amount of 0.875 g was purified to 80% of an aqueous solution. The results were obtained under constant conditions with a mixing speed of 200 rpm and a duration of 60 minutes with a reliability of 0.93. According to the test results, on average, Moringa Peregrina is effective in removing pigments from aqueous solutions under the mentioned conditions.
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