This paper investigates the behavior of confined masonry walls subjected to lateral loads. Six full-scale wall assembles, consisting of a clay masonry panel, two confining columns and a tie beam, were tested under a combination of vertical load and monotonic pushover up to failure. Wall panels had various configurations, namely, solid and perforated walls with window and door openings, variable longitudinal and transverse reinforcement ratios for the confining elements and different brick types, namely, cored clay and solid concrete masonry units. Key experimental results showed that the walls in general experienced a shear failure at the end of the lightly reinforced confining elements after the failure of the diagonal struts formed in the brick wall due to transversal diagonal tension. Stepped bed joint cracks formed in the masonry panel either diagonally or around the perforations. A numerical model was built using the finite element method and was validated in light of the experimental results. The model showed acceptable correlation and was used to conduct a thorough parametric study on various design configurations. The conducted parametric study involved the assessment of the load/displacement response for walls with different aspect ratios, axial load ratios, number of confining elements as well as the size and orientation of perforations. It was found that the strength of the bricks and the number of confining elements play a significant role in increasing the walls' ultimate resistance and displacement ductility. ª 2014 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Housing and Building National Research Center.
This paper investigates the effects of various parameters on the terminal voltage and frequency of self excited induction generator using genetic algorithm. The parameters considered are speed, capacitance, leakage reactance, stator and rotor resistances. Simulated results obtained using genetic algorithm facilitates in exploring the performance of self-excited induction generator. The paper henceforth establishes the application of user friendly genetic algorithm for studying the behaviour of self-excited induction.
Introduction: The global prevalence of chronic hepatitis C, Hepatitis B, alcoholic-related and non-alcoholicrelated fatty hepatitis liver disease has increased. In cardiovascular patients, severe liver failure raises the likelihood of complications including heart, kidney and lung infections and increases the burden of postoperative care. Work aim: to estimate the prevalence of peri-operative morbidity and death in cirrhotic patients and their determinants. Methods: This controlled cross-sectional research evaluated 30 cirrhotic patients who have been undergoing heart chirurgy as controls, as opposed to 30 non-cirrhotic patients. Results: After heart surgery, the mortality rate was 20%, which was much higher than non-cirrhotic post-cardiac surgery 3% (p = 0.04). The association between death rates and ALT, AST and PCR (p = 0.008, 0.01, 0.02 correspondingly) was positive. There has also been a significant negative connection between death rate and AFP level (p=0.01). Conclusion: organ-related dysfunctions are critical for developing post-CS problems and adverse outcomes. ALT, AST, AFP and PCR are important indicators of cirrhotic patient death after heart surgery.
Background: There is lack of evidence from randomized clinical trials that had assisted the efficacy of PRP in treating of rotator cuff diseases (RCD). Aim of the work: To study the effect of PRP injection on functional improvement on RCD, and to study the role of proinflammatory and angiogenesis-related cytokines as a pathogenic factor in RCD. Patients and methods:The study was conducted on 40 patients with RCD. All patients subjected to: clinical shoulder examination, clinical scoring including; (VAS and Los Angeles Shoulder score), cytokine assay of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin one beta (IL-1β), and diagnostic musculoskeletal ultrasound examination (MSU). All patients underwent two doses of ultrasound guided PRP injection with 4 weeks in-between. Reevaluation after 4 weeks from first injection was done using clinical scoring, cytokine assay and MSU. Third assessment was done 3 months from first injection using clinical scoring and MSU. Results: There was a statistically high significant decrease in pain, improvement of range of motion (ROM), power and functional state in all participants after 2 doses of PRP injection and rehabilitation program. In addition, there was a highly statistical significant decrease of cytokines serum levels after 4 weeks. There was a highly significant improvement regarding MSU grading. There was positive correlation between the serum levels of cytokines and VAS and negative correlation between the serum levels of cytokines and other clinical scores. There was positive correlation between the serum levels of VEGF and MSU grading. Conclusion:PRP therapy is an effective treatment for RCD and lead to functional improvement. There is a strong correlation between levels of cytokines (IL-1β and VEGF) and clinical scores before injection and 4 weeks following first injection. There is strong correlation between level of VEGF and ultrasound grading of RCD.
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