In our previous work, microfiltration membranes were successfully manufactured by non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method using two concentrations (30 and 35 wt%) of recycled high impact polystyrene (HIPS-R). N, Ndimethyl formamide (DMF) was used as solvent and water as a coagulation bath. These membranes were characterized in terms of chemical composition, surface hydrophilicity, surface crosssection morphology, porosity, and pores size distribution. Accordingly, the membrane's surfaces showed a semihydrophilic behavior with contact angles of 81 o and 91 o for 30 wt% and 35 wt% membranes respectively. In the current study, The prepared membranes were examined for the removal of Humic acid (HA) and Rhodamine B (RhB) dye in a microfiltration process. Filtration experiment showed that pure water flux of 30 wt% membrane was higher than of 35 wt% membrane, also 30 wt% membrane has a higher humic acid and Dye removal efficiency than of 35 wt% membrane. Thus, the results suggest active membranes could be obtained using recycled high impact polystyrene. And then, solve the polymer waste accumulation problem in parallel with help in drinking water crisis solution.

Micro-porous hydrophilic membranes were successfully fabricated using polystyrene waste by phase inversion casting. Four concentrations (20, 25, 30, and 35 wt%) of recycled high-impact polystyrene (HIPS-R) in N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) solution were employed to prepare the membranes. The effect of polystyrene concentration on the characteristics of the different membranes was thoroughly studied. Based on the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results, the chemical composition of HIPS-R was analogous to that of pure high-impact polystyrene HIPS raw material of the previous studies. Also, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was employed to study the morphology and porosity of the prepared membranes. The membranes cross-section showed a sponge structure with longitudinal macro voids. The solid walls around these voids have a sponge-like structure, especially for high concentration polystyrene membranes. Furthermore, the number of pores into the membrane surface decreased with the increase of polystyrene concentration. The membranes surface pores size was ranged from 150 nm to 550 nm with the different used concentrations. Water contact angle (CA) of the prepared membrane's surface were measured. All the measured CA of the prepared membranes, except the 35 wt% showed CA of 91o, showed a hydrophilic behavior. Thus, the results suggest effective membranes could be obtained using recycled polystyrene. And then, solve the polymer waste accumulation problem in parallel with help in drinking water crisis solution.

In our previous work, the prepared high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) membranes, synthesized using four concentrations (20, 25, 30, and 35 wt%) of waste HIPS, were proved to be promising for water purification by microfiltration process (MF). However, the fabricated membranes' mechanical properties and microfiltration process parameters were not investigated. Consequently, in this study, various parameters affecting the previously fabricated membranes' performance in the filtration process, such as membrane mechanical properties, feeding pressure, fouling behavior, and polymer concentration, were thoroughly investigated. With increasing polystyrene concentrations, the ultimate tensile strength of the fabricated membranes increased.When the concentration was increased from 20 to 25 wt percent, the elongation at break rose, but as the concentration was increased further, the membrane became brittle. Permeate flux and rejection both declined as polymer content was raised.Accordingly, the highest flux and humic acid (HA) rejection were shown by 20 wt% (14.18 L/m 2 h (LMH) and 98.95%, respectively). The antifouling properties declined when the polymer concentration was raised, and 20 wt% had the lowest total fouling resistance. Furthermore, the permeate flux was reduced while increasing the HA initial concentration.

This work is done to measure the sound density and improve its quality. And this is done by measuring the sound intensity in different situations and surroundings. To determine the effect of significant parameters throughout the sound measurement. The results of the various experiments of the sound measurement are viewed by applying some tools in Design of Experiments (DOF), Such as Taguchi method and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) [1]. In these experiments there are four factors considered, they are temperature, distance, wind speed and angle of the sensor. These factors were chosen because they are the most parameters that can affect the quality of the sound. The results show that the factor speed is the most significant factor with percentage 1.79% according to the ANOVA table. Therefore, this work is considered as an effective tool to find the important parameters and their effect in sound measurement.