In our previous work, microfiltration membranes were successfully manufactured by non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method using two concentrations (30 and 35 wt%) of recycled high impact polystyrene (HIPS-R). N, Ndimethyl formamide (DMF) was used as solvent and water as a coagulation bath. These membranes were characterized in terms of chemical composition, surface hydrophilicity, surface crosssection morphology, porosity, and pores size distribution. Accordingly, the membrane's surfaces showed a semihydrophilic behavior with contact angles of 81 o and 91 o for 30 wt% and 35 wt% membranes respectively. In the current study, The prepared membranes were examined for the removal of Humic acid (HA) and Rhodamine B (RhB) dye in a microfiltration process. Filtration experiment showed that pure water flux of 30 wt% membrane was higher than of 35 wt% membrane, also 30 wt% membrane has a higher humic acid and Dye removal efficiency than of 35 wt% membrane. Thus, the results suggest active membranes could be obtained using recycled high impact polystyrene. And then, solve the polymer waste accumulation problem in parallel with help in drinking water crisis solution.
Micro-porous hydrophilic membranes were successfully fabricated using polystyrene waste by phase inversion casting. Four concentrations (20, 25, 30, and 35 wt%) of recycled high-impact polystyrene (HIPS-R) in N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) solution were employed to prepare the membranes. The effect of polystyrene concentration on the characteristics of the different membranes was thoroughly studied. Based on the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results, the chemical composition of HIPS-R was analogous to that of pure high-impact polystyrene HIPS raw material of the previous studies. Also, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was employed to study the morphology and porosity of the prepared membranes. The membranes cross-section showed a sponge structure with longitudinal macro voids. The solid walls around these voids have a sponge-like structure, especially for high concentration polystyrene membranes. Furthermore, the number of pores into the membrane surface decreased with the increase of polystyrene concentration. The membranes surface pores size was ranged from 150 nm to 550 nm with the different used concentrations. Water contact angle (CA) of the prepared membrane's surface were measured. All the measured CA of the prepared membranes, except the 35 wt% showed CA of 91o, showed a hydrophilic behavior. Thus, the results suggest effective membranes could be obtained using recycled polystyrene. And then, solve the polymer waste accumulation problem in parallel with help in drinking water crisis solution.
The e ect of CO 2 on the morphology of polyaniline (PANI) polymerized in the presence of compressed CO 2 was investigated. Two dissimilar morphologies, nanorods and nanoparticles, were successfully obtained using polymerization with and without compressed CO 2 . The obtained nanorods and particles were characterized by X-ray di raction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FT-IR and XRD results showed the presence of polyaniline emeraldine salt form. The SEM images clearly showed PANI nanorods (PANNRs) and nanoparticles (PANNPs) in polymerized PANI. From SEM images, the average diameters of PANNPs and PANNRs were calculated to be 85 and 90 nm, respectively. BET analysis indicated the surface area of PANNRs to be 44% larger than that of the PANNPs. The adsorption performance of the prepared PANI was evaluated in a decolorization process of acid blue 25 dye (AB25). The PANNRs always showed better adsorption compared with PANNPs. The PANNRs recorded a higher decolorization rate, with 99.8% of the dye adsorbed within 8 min; whereas, PANNPs showed a rate of 99.38% decolorization in 16 min. The adsorption kinetics of both PANI were analyzed with both Freundlich and Langmuir models. As a result, the Langmuir isotherm model showed better agreement with the experimental data of the dye adsorption process than that of Freundlich model. Furthermore, it was found that the dye adsorption procedure onto the two fabricated PANI structures follows the pseudo-second-order model.
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