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This paper presents a general review of intellectual capital literature, which includes definitions, components and indicators. We aim to gather a useful collection of indicators and definitions. After studying several related works from the literature, many definitions and indicators are identified and explain that choosing appropriate indicators depends on organizational targets. Every kind of organization can use this study to identify its more applicable and appropriate indicators to know about its intellectual capital. Identifying all of indicators in previous studies can help organization select right indicators for the organization.

Purpose-To survive high-level management needs business intelligent information to efficiently manage corporate operations and support its decision making. Knowledge management (KM) is recognized as one of the most critical factors for obtaining organizational competitive advantage. A variety of factors determines significant success ingredients for successful implementation of KM in any organization. The primary challenge in KM initiation is how to integrate the above factors with organizational and personnel constraints and capabilities. This paper aims to develop a priority framework based on multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) to help organizations build awareness of the critical influential factors affecting successful implementation of KM. Design/methodology/approach-To identify critical influential factors, the authors studied and reviewed relevant literature from numerous fields of study associated with the essential issues of KM projects implementation. These cover the factors that affect a KM implementation based on comprehensive analysis of KM literature from numerous research studies. Research methodology used in this study is based on a combination of other methodologies such as action research, group discussion, documentary study and questionnaire research. For this purpose a group of experienced managers were selected and discussion sessions were held to set objectives and road map the study. Finally group analysis hierarchy process (GAHP) was used to analyse questionnaires and prioritize influential factors. Findings-The conceptual framework presents a roadmap for success of KM programs in the organizations. The paper identifies eight major aspects, 44 influential factors and a conceptual framework to assisting managers to design and implement a KM system in their organizations. The results show top management, executive management and culture have great impact on success of KM implementation among main aspects. The conceptual framework presents guidelines for success of KM implementation in organizations. Practical implications-The result of this study not only validates theory with reality, but it also provides a reference for the academic as well as the business world. It is hoped that the factors proposed in this study help organizations to manage knowledge activities effectively and implement knowledge projects smoothly in order to maximize benefits from KM projects and returns from knowledge assets. Originality/value-This study is the first to provide an integrated perspective of critical success factors in KM implementation in Khorasan Science and Technology Park (KSTP). It gives valuable guidelines for top managers and leaders to accomplish KM projects effectively.

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Purpose-This paper aims to investigate a novel model for organizational intelligence (OI) in Iranian public universities. OI is an effective concept in organizational behavior for reshaping the organizational rules. Multidimensional nature of OI makes it a very useful management tool. Design/methodology/approach-This model is investigated by using an expert panel opinion and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory technique based on Iranian university professors' opinions. Findings-The proposed model consists of eight dimensions: structural, cultural, strategic, communicational, informational, functional, behavioral and environmental dimensions. Each one of these dimensions consists of some components. The results showed that the "Structural", "Cultural", "Strategic", "Informational" and "Environmental" dimensions are the cause dimensions, while the "Behavioral" and "Communicational" dimensions are the effect dimensions. Hierarchical levels of these dimensions are also determined. Practical implications-Comprehending this model offers a handful of beneficial insights for university managers. These points are synoptically stated in the form of managerial implications. Originality/value-The paper by using a real case study provides a cause and effect model for OI management in Iranian public universities and can be enhanced for other organizations.

Since the introduction of the first Bitcoin blockchain in 2008, different decentralized blockchain systems such as Ethereum, Hyperledger Fabric, and Corda, have emerged with public and private accessibility. It has been widely acknowledged that no single blockchain network will fit all use cases. As a result, we have observed the increasing popularity of multi-blockchain ecosystem in which customers will move toward different blockchains based on their particular requirements. Hence, the efficiency and security requirements of interactions among these heterogeneous blockchains become critical. In realization of this multi-blockchain paradigm, initiatives in building Interoperability-Facilitating Platforms (IFPs) that aim at bridging different blockchains (a.k.a. blockchain interoperability) have come to the fore. Despite current efforts, it is extremely difficult for blockchain customers (organizations, governments, companies) to understand the trade-offs between different IFPs and their suitability for different application domains before adoption. A key reason is due to a lack of fundamental and systematic approaches to assess the variables among different IFPs. To fill this gap, developing new IFP requirements specification and open-source benchmark tools to advance research in distributed, multi-blockchain interoperability, with emphasis on IFP performance and security challenges are required. In this document, we outline a research proposal study to the community to realize this gap.

Purpose Despite the availability of prior studies on the Internet of Things (IoT) development, they have largely focused on challenges associated with evolving IoT. Hence, identifying requirements for IoT development, as a multifaceted phenomenon, whereby the challenges would be tackled remains a less-explored valuable line of inquiry. The purpose of this paper is to present a holistic view of crucial building blocks of IoT development, in order to fill this gap. Design/methodology/approach This paper conducts empirical research using a grounded theory (GT), centering on semi-structured interviews with 25 experts involved in the Iranian IoT development effort. Data were analyzed by using MAXQDA software. Findings This study presents a conceptual framework of requirements for IoT development, consisting of 14 concepts and 5 categories. The findings reveal that strategic, interactive, institutional, market-oriented and information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure requirements play a salient role in facilitating IoT development. Practical implications The findings of this study shed some light on the momentous aspects of IoT development. Practitioners including governmental policymakers, industry and private sectors could benefit from the policy recommendations offered in this study in terms of strategic viewpoint, legal issues, business perspective and technological readiness. Originality/value From the methodological aspect, the present research is among the first studies on utilizing GT for exploration of requirements for IoT development. From the theoretical perspective, a remarkable achievement of this study is to profoundly discover some less-explored concepts of IoT development such as commercialization, feasibility study, futurology and institutional aspects. Furthermore, findings of this study highlight the contribution of innovation systems theory for the IoT development area in terms of alignment of the emerged requirements for IoT development with the functions of this theory.

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