Human-wildlife conflicts have escalated in semi-arid lands because of changes in various aspects, including land use, arable farming and sedentary life style of pastoralists in semi-arid lands, inadequate wildlife control and ban on hunting of wild animals. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of human-wildlife conflicts on wildlife conservation as an alternative source of income to improve the welfare of the pastoralists. The study was carried out in Kirisia, Lorroki and Baragoi divisions. Survey was conducted among households and the data gathered were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results indicated that human-wildlife conflicts have great impact on wildlife conservation and socioeconomic welfare of pastoralists. The study highlighted the need for the government to revise existing policies on wildlife conservation and management in Kenya.
Rangeland resources play a significant role in production activities and sustainability of livelihood among the pastoral communities. Factors that have adversely affected efficient utilization and have an ultimate impact on risk management include: conflicts, poor public service delivery, uneven resource utilization and limited asset diversification. This paper examines these factors in detail, and assesses their influence on household production. The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of household production on the ability of the pastoralists to manage risks. The findings and recommendations will be helpful to put in place strategies that will increase household production, minimize conflicts among the various resource users, promote sustainable use of natural resources, and serve as a step towards eradication of poverty. The study was carried out in Kirisia, Lorroki and Baragoi divisions of Samburu district. A survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire (248 households), together with personal interviews with key informants (30), and group discussions (7). Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and tests of relationships by use of correlation and regression analysis, using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results indicated that there was no significant relationship between household production and public service delivery, resource utilization, asset diversification and risk management. Household income and asset diversification was low (less than Kshs.20, 000 per year and 20% of investment levels), high illiteracy rate (80%), and thus increase in poverty. The pastoralists, therefore, had limited capacity to manage both environmental and human risks, hence their vulnerability to climatic stress. It is recommended that pastoral communities should diversify their production activities to reduce dependence on livestock, to alleviate poverty and enhance risk management.
Fisheries management costs are widely becoming issues used to choose among policy objectives. We provide simple calculations by drawing on the experience from Lake Victoria fisheries. The study applied cost- benefit analysis based on the transaction costs among four systems of individual transferable quotas, taxation, licensing and community-based management. The objective of the study was to identify a feasible policy combination for the management of Lake Victoria fisheries. It was hypothesized that the combination of community-based management and individual transferable quotas provide a feasible management framework for the fishery. The analysis provides evidence that transaction costs are lower in community=based management. The advantages of individual transferable quotas are also considerable. But, it is concluded that although community management is more cost-effective, their potential for the fishery are not obvious given the prevailing socio-economic conditions along the shores of Lake Victoria. The nature of Lake Victoria fishery is also not appropriate for the introduction of individual transferable quotas. Co-management system is therefore recommended.
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