Active oxygen species are reported to cause organ damage. This study was therefore designed to determine the behaviour of antioxidants and free radical scavengers so as to reveal changes in animals in the hyper- and hypothyroid state. Levels of antioxidant factors (i.e. coenzyme Q (CoQ)10, CoQ9 and vitamin E) and free radical scavengers (catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) were measured in the heart muscles of rats rendered hyper- or hypothyroid by 4 weeks of thyroxine (T4) or methimazol treatment. Serum levels of CoQ9 and total SOD were also measured. A significant reduction in CoQ9 levels was observed in the heart muscles of both hyper- and hypothyroid rats when compared with control hearts. There was no difference in serum CoQ9 levels in thyroid dysfunction when compared with control animals. Levels of vitamin E in the heart muscles of hyperthyroid rats were significantly increased, and there was no reduction in vitamin E levels in hypothyroid rats when compared with control hearts. GSH-PX levels in the heart muscle were reduced in hyperthyroid rats and increased in hypothyroid rats when compared with control hearts. However, there were no differences in catalase levels in heart muscle between hyper- and hypothyroid rats. The concentration of SOD in heart muscle was increased in hyperthyroid rats and was not decreased in hypothyroid rats compared with control rats, suggesting the induction of SOD by excessive production of O2-. These data suggest that the changes in these scavengers have some role in cardiac dysfunction in the hyper- and hypothyroid state in the rat.
The inorganic constituents of fish bone ash were examined by both X-ray diffraction analysis and elemental analysis. Fifteen species of fish were selected from Teleostomi and Elasmobranchi. Cattle and swine as Eutheria and fowl as Neornithes were also investigated to compare with the Teleostomi and Elasmobranchii. All ashed bone samples were classified in to three groups composed mainly of either hydroxyapatite (HAP), 6 type Ca3(PO4)2 (TCP), or their mixture; HAP type, TCP type, and HAP TCP type. Sample species of the HAP type were sea bream, horse mackerel, carp, shark, cattle, swine, and fowl. The TCP type species was Japanese anchovy. HAP-TCP types were sardine, mackerel, tilefish, croaker, triggerfish, lizard fish, Spanish mackerel, flying fish, conger eel, and flat fish. Molar ra tios of Ca with or without either Mg or Na to P for the examined bone ashes coincided with the theoreti cal values of HAP and TCP.
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