SiN x thin film grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition PECVD has conventionally been used as an antireflection layer of the silicon solar cell. In this work, a porous silicon PS layer formed by electrochemical etching was shaped on the surface of a crystalline silicon wafer for a simple alternative of anti-reflection coating ARC . The etching solution was prepared by mixing HF and ethanol for efficient bubble elimination on the silicon surface during the etching process. The anodization of the silicon surface was performed under a constant current, and the process parameters, such as current density and etching time including volume fraction of HF to ethanol in the solution, were carefully tuned to minimize the surface reflectance of the CZ silicon wafer with sheet resistance of 35-40 Q. The PS layer as an anti-reflection coating in the solar cell was compared with conventional PECVD SiN x thin film by measuring the surface reflectance of the cell. Also, Photovoltaic I-V properties and the quantum efficiencies of the cells with PS layers were measured.
An Electrochemical etching was used to form the porous silicon (PS) layer on the surface of
the crystalline silicon wafer. The PS layer, in this study, will act as an antireflection coating to reduce
the reflection of the incident light into the solar cell. The etching solution (electrolyte) was prepared
by mixing HF (50%) and ethanol which was introduced for efficient bubble elimination on the silicon
surface during etching process. The anodization of the silicon surface was performed under a constant
current (galvanostat mode of the power supply), and process parameters, such as current density and
etching time, were carefully tuned to minimize the surface reflectance of the heavily-doped wafer
with sheet resistance between 20-30 / .
The demand of JIB crane to handle a container or a bulk in a vessel is increasingly because of the growth of the scale of trade through the sea. This deck crane such as JIB crane is required the weight reduction design because it is installed in the deck of a vessel due to the environment regulation. In this study first we carry out the structural analysis of JIB with respect to the luffing angle of it to calculate the maximum equivalent stress of JIB, and next the optimum design for the weight reduction design of JIB. The thickness in a cross section of JIB is adopted as the design variable, the weight of JIB as the objective function, and the von mises stress as the constraint condition for the optimum design of JIB using the
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