ResumenEn este texto introductorio del monográfico se definen algunos de los conceptos fundamentales que se relacionan con el constructo de escritura académica. En primer lugar, el concepto de género y su relación con el de sistema de actividad, lo que permite abordar desde un punto de vista dinámico el discurso en los entornos universitarios. A continuación, se discuten las diferentes aportaciones que se han ocupado de la clasificación de los géneros en el ámbito académico universitario lo que permite esbozar una propuesta que sirva de marco integrador para organizar la actividad de escribir y los géneros que se producen en la universidad en esferas discursivas que otorguen sentido y significado a las prácticas de escritura de los estudiantes. En tercer lugar, se ofrecen algunas reflexiones sobre el uso y la enseñanza de los géneros en la docencia universitaria desde la perspectiva apuntada en los apartados anteriores. En la segunda parte del texto se presentan los artículos que forman este monográfico y que ofrecen una panorámica variada y complementaria de las aportaciones actuales en el ámbito de la escritura académica tanto en contextos españoles y latinoamericanos como europeos. A estas aportaciones hay que sumarle la revisión y síntesis de las aproximaciones teóricas, los métodos y los resultados de los movimientos Writing Across Curriculum y Writing In the Disciplines en los EEUU.Palabras clave: escritura académica; Universidad; Educación Superior; géneros; actividad discursiva. AbstractIn this introduction of the Special Issue, some key concepts related to the notion of academic writing are discussed. Firstly, the concept of genre is revised and its relationships with the more broad notion of activity system, which allows for a dynamic approach of discourse and its study in university contexts. Secondly, genre classification proposals in higher education are reviewed and discussed focusing on their contributions and limitations. Based on this review, a new proposal for genre organization is presented, which could act as an integrative framework to organize writing activity and genres in discursive spheres making meaning of the students' writing practices. Thirdly, some recommendations are provided regarding the teaching and learning of writing at university, based on the theoretical perspective developed in previous sections. In the second part of the article, the contributions of the Special Issue are presented. These contributions offer a varied and complementary picture of current
This study is part of a larger project focused on the development of argumentative competence and its effect on knowledge construction. It aims to analyse and compare the changes in the evolution of the claims and the quality of the written arguments used by university students in two learning scenarios: a first scenario where students participated in a debate with the aim of convincing; and a second scenario where the debate was aimed at achieving an agreement by consensus. The participants were 77 first-year university students in Education and Speech Therapy. A quasi-experimental design was adopted with repeated measures, in which students from the two groups wrote two argumentative texts (initial and final) for each type of debate. The results indicate that the initial claims evolved towards more moderate positions at the end of the process; and the quality of the arguments that students wrote in their texts varied significantly depending on the type of demand and the time of writing (initial or final).
El siguiente estudio pretende analizar cómo interpretan profesores y estudiantes de secundaria la tarea de anotación, y además poner en relación la conceptualización de aquellos profesores que enseñan este procedimiento con su actuación en el aula, así como con los apuntes de sus alumnos.Los resultados obtenidos muestran que a) tanto profesores como estudiantes consideran la toma de apuntes como una técnica de ayuda al estudio que debería utilizarse para personalizar la información; b) los apuntes de los estudiantes en general son literales e incompletos; y c) en clase, la mayoría de los profesores limitan su enseñanza a "decir" como deben tomarse los apuntes, de forma bastante asistemática, con lo que se favorece escasamente que los estudiantes tomen sus propias decisiones respecto qué, cuándo y cómo anotar. Palabras clave: Estrategias de toma de apuntes, concepciones sobre la enseñanza-aprendizaje de procedimientos, Educación Secundaria.
This study aimed to analyze how nurses represent their role as nursing academics and their conceptions, strategies and feelings involved in teaching-learning and research in nursing. A qualitative study was conducted. To achieve this goal, a semi-structured interview was carried out with seven nurses who worked as teachers and researchers at a university in Barcelona, Spain. The data were analyzed through categories validated in a previous study with the support of The Atlas Ti program. The results evidenced that nurses are less equipped to develop the researcher role, and that the profession is not justified without a close relationship between nursing theory and practice. The nursing academics look for a balance between teaching and research and they also wish to promote the development of models and theories in their own discipline.
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