Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases in the world. Cell membrane injury is an important mechanism for pathophysoilogical changes in DM. Osmotic fragility (OF) status of Red blood cell (RBC) in hyperglycemic patients is expected to be increased. This study was conducted in Chittagong medical college hospital and Chittagong Diabetic Hospital from January 2015 to December 2015. 100 newly diagnosed (duration ≤ 3 years) type II diabetes mellitus patients (Fasting blood glucose is ≥7 mmol/L) were selected as cases. Age, sex and BMI matched 100 healthy subjects were included as control. OF of RBC was measured by traditional method with a series of hypotonic solution of NaCl of different strength in twelve test tubes numbered serially. The relationship of OF with Fasting blood sugar (FBS) and two hours post prandial blood sugar (2 HPPBS) were evaluated. Unpaired Student 't' test and Pearson's correlation coefficient test were done for statistical analysis. p value <0.05 was considered as significant. 87% of cases showed normal hemolysis and only 12% had early hemolysis. Mean value of NaCl solution for partial and complete hemolysis in cases were 0.44±0.06(%) and 0.32±0.02(%) respectively; for control group the findings were 0.04±0.06(%) and 0.32±0.02(%). Significant relationship (p<0.001) was found regarding osmotic fragility with FBS ≥ 7 mmol/L and 2 HPPBS ≥ 11.1 mmol/L. OF of RBC is increased in type II diabetes mellitus.
Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is an escalating public health problem throughout the developed and developing world. Haemodialysis influences the transport of water through the erythrocyte membrane and induces morphologic and functional modifications. Objective: This study is aimed at to show the effects of haemodialysis on red cell indices and haematocrit in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients receiving Maintenance Haemodialysis (MHD) during haemodialysis (HD) process in their post-dialysis blood samples. Methods: It is a Hospital based, crosssectional comparative study. The study population consisted of 40 patients of diagnosed case of chronic kidney disease patients on haemodialysis in the Department of Nephrology, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong. The haematological changes before and after the ending of haemodialysis procedure were studied by complete blood count study by automated analyzer. Data were analyzed by statistical methods (Paired sample t-test). Results: In our study the predialysis and post-dialysis sample showed the mean(±SD) MCV(fl) was 96.20(±11.57)fl and 92.80(±10.75)fl respectively. This shows highly significant difference between mean of pre-dialysis and post-dialysis MCV(fl) level (p=0.001). In pre-dialysis and post-dialysis sample the mean(±SD) MCH(pg) was 29.10(±3.62)pg and 28.79(±3.77)pg respectively. This shows no significant difference between mean of pre-dialysis and post-dialysis MCH(pg) level (p=0.236). In pre-dialysis and post-dialysis sample the mean(±SD) MCHC(g/dL) was 29.25(±3.69)g/dL and 30.25(±3.57) gm/dL respectively. This shows highly significant difference between mean of pre-dialysis and post-dialysis MCHC(g/dL) level (p=0.003). In pre-dialysis and post-dialysis sample the mean(±SD) Haematocrit/PCV(%) was 26.46(±7.34)% and 27.39(±8.07)% respectively. This shows no significant difference between mean of pre-dialysis and post-dialysis Haematocrit/PCV(%) level (P=0.157). Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that significant morphological changes, specially, regarding MCV occurs in patients receiving MHD during HD process in their post-dialysis blood samples along with consequent changes in MCHC. And all these findings are consistent with each other.
Background: The pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland is an embryonic remnant of the caudal end of the thyroglossal tract. The pyramidal lobe is formed from normal thyroid tissue. A fibrous band, levator glandulae thyroideae, is found occasionally and extending upwards from the apex of the pyramidal lobe. As all thyroid diseases are found to be present in the pyramidal lobe, the study of the pyramidal lobe bears a great importance. Study design:Cross-sectional descriptive type of study. Place and period of study:Methods: The samples were divided into three age-groups including Group A (10 -20 years), Group B (21-50 years) & Group C (>50 years) and the pyramidal lobes were studied both morphologically i.e. position, length, breadth, thickness, its association with levator glandulae thyroideae and histologically including presence of thyroid tissue, percentage proportion of parenchyma and stroma. Results:The pyramidal lobe was found in 25 cases out of 60 (41.67%) and situated more on the left side (56%). The mean±SD length of the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland was 10.83±0.75 mm in group A, 12.80±3.05 mm in group B and 11.00±1.41 mm in group C. The mean±SD breadth of the pyramidal lobe was 5.50±1.22 mm in group A, 7.60±2.06 mm in group B and 6.75±0.96 mm in group C. The mean±SD thickness of the pyramidal lobe was 3.00±0.00 mm in group A, 3.27±0.59 mm in group B and 3.00±0.96 mm in group C. The levator glandulae thyroideae was found in 12 cases out of 60 (20%) and extended from the apex of the pyramidal lobe to the body of the hyoid bone. The proportion of the parenchyma increases with advancing age upto 50 years.
Background : Decrease plasma High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) and increase triglyceride are major dyslipidemia in our country due to effects of carbohydrate rich diet. The relationship of low level of HDL -C in patient's of AMI and its extents of severity in coronary artery disease will be very important for future management as well as prevention of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Objective : The aim of this study is to assess the level of serum HDL-C in AMI patient and to assess whether low serum HDL-C level is an independent risk factor for acute ST elevation MI. Methods : It is a hospital based cross sectional observational study. 280 patients of acute STEMI who are admitted in coronary care unit selected for study. After estimation of serum lipid profile of these patients their serum level of HDL-C were used to detect the relationship between serum HDL-C and acute ST elevation MI. Results : In our study, among the case group (280 patiens) lipid profile estimation showed that about 64% patients of acute STEMI have low level of serum HDL-C. The other lipid fractions like triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol as well as total cholesterol were high in about 24%,39% & 44% but normal in 76%, 61% & 56% respectively. Conclusion : There is an independent inverse association of serum HDL-C in patients of acute STEMI and its an important indepedent risk factor.
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