The unremitting emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants necessitates ongoing control measures. Given its rapid spread, the new Omicron subvariant BA.5 requires urgent characterization. Here, we comprehensively analyzed BA.5 with the other Omicron variants BA.1, BA.2, and ancestral B.1.1. Although in vitro growth kinetics of BA.5 was comparable among the Omicron subvariants, BA.5 was much more fusogenic than BA.1 and BA.2. Airway-on-a-chip analysis showed that, among Omicron subvariants, BA.5 had enhanced ability to disrupt the respiratory epithelial and endothelial barriers. Furthermore, in our hamster model, in vivo pathogenicity of BA.5 was slightly higher than that of the other Omicron variants and less than that of ancestral B.1.1. Notably, BA.5 gains efficient virus spread compared with BA.1 and BA.2, leading to prompt immune responses. Our findings suggest that BA.5 has low pathogenicity compared with the ancestral strain but enhanced virus spread /inflammation compared with earlier Omicron subvariants.
A research was done to focus on the level of heavy metal pollution by three point sources in Barisal, a southern district of Bangladesh. Soils were collected from four distinct distances (100 m, 200 m, 400 m and 600 m from the point of discharge) of three different industrial sites, namely textile, cement and medicine industry. Maximum build-up of heavy metals was found in the vicinity of textile industry, while the minimum was observed in soils of medicine industry. Cu, Cr, Cd, Mn and Ni were found in the highest concentrations in textile industry, while As, Pb and Zn were found in the highest content near the cement industry. Negative correlation values indicate that pollution levels decrease with the increasing distance from the pollution sites.
During this Covid situation, the bulk numbers of students have confined themselves to new media more than ever, and their dependency level has already proved how severe this can be in the future. As a consequence of staying tangled with lots of confusing information, students often have to face dilemmas in news and sources. Judging this situation after conducting this study on Journalism and non-Journalism students, the finding uncovers a moderate knowledge level of students in identifying the news quality of a source of information. Normally, Journalism students are thought to be involved with formal media education; nevertheless, this study observes an expectant number of non-Journalism students are wrapping up themselves with media education with endeavors during this pandemic. What is more, this study follows W. J. Potter’s cognitive model of media literacy. With this model, this study digs the news literacy skills among students. In contrast, the study found moderate skills among students in cases of having more conscious mindful thought than automatic thought about the media messages, moderate motivation for news consumption, the satisfactory awareness level of media control and influence, and more trust in news media. But the shocking result is that all students have almost bottom-line knowledge about the media system, including knowledge of the media industry, media content, and media effects. So, all these knowledge gaps ultimately show the poor curriculums where enough practical-based media education is absent. Hence, this study proves the demand for more practical-based media education in all curriculums, especially at the tertiary levels universities in Bangladesh, with more importance.
The past decade has seen an armorial growth of the influence of social media on many aspects of people’s lives. Social networking sites, especially Facebook, play a substantial role in framing popular view through its contents. This article explores the impact of visuals, especially photos and videos, published in social media during social movements. Importantly that some visuals received attention in social media during agitations which later got featured or become news in print, electronic and online news portal media as well. Some of the visuals later proved to be edited or fabricated contents which created confusion among participants in this research and beyond. The confusion has contributed to the acceleration or shrinkage of the movement in question in many cases. The center of this article is to examine how social media visuals influence people’s visual communication during social movements. Additionally, it digs out the user’s activity on social media during movements.
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