RESUMOA análise tomográfica de impulso é um método não destrutivo que permite analisar o interior do lenho de árvores pela passagem de ondas mecânicas, tornando possível realizar uma avaliação prévia e detectar a presença de defeitos na madeira. Utilizou-se o tomógrafo de impulso ARBOTOM para analisar o lenho de árvores de Tectona grandis, localizadas em Cáceres, MT. Os resultados possibilitaram detectar a presença de zonas distintas no lenho através da variação da velocidade de ondas mecânicas indicada por variadas zonas de cores reveladas na imagem tomográfica. Possivelmente, essas diferenças de cores são atribuídas às variações da densidade e umidade da madeira.Palavras-chave: métodos não destrutivos, densidade da madeira, tomografia, Tectona grandis. Preliminary Assessment of Wood Quality of Tectona grandis L. f. by Pulse Tomography ABSTRACTImpulse tomography analysis is a non-destructive method that enables the visualization of the interior of the wood of trees through the passage of mechanical waves, making it possible to perform a preliminary examination and notice the presence of defects in the wood. ARBOTOM impulse tomography was used to analyze the wood of trees of Tectona grandis, located in Caceres, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. It was possible to detect the presence of distinct zones in the wood by varying the speed of the wave mechanics indicated by different colored areas in tomography image. Possibly, these color differences are attributed to variations in wood density and moisture content.
In this study, we aimed to determine lignified tissue in young stems of Struthanthus vulgaris Mart. by infrared microspectroscopy and histochemical methods as well as by fluorescence microscopy. Struthanthus vulgaris Mart. is a mistletoe species that belongs to the Loranthaceae family. A brief anatomical description was also carried out. The first procedure for analysis was to elaborate anatomical cross sections (20-30 µm) from young stems before and after treatment with NaOH 1%. This procedure was applied to release possible low molecular mass phenolic compounds. Safranin-astra blue was used to distinguish anatomical tissues while Wiesner test enabled verification of lignified pericyclic fibers. Infrared microspectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of lignin in this region according to the following spectral signals: 1600 (shoulder), 1511, 1453, 1338 and 1244 cm-1. Analyses of the cross section of young stems under fluorescence microscopy before and after treatment with NaOH 1% allowed us to confirm the presence of low mass phenolic compounds in the region of pericyclic fibers.
In the present study, a total of 142 fungal strains were isolated from 180 samples of the leaf, stem and bark tissues of sacred tree Couroupita guianensis from an unusual semi-arid tropical region. The tissues of the samples were grown in potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and the endophytic mycoflora were identified based on the morphological characteristics. Among all the strains, 130 were fertile, which belong to 11 species and 12 sterile morpho species. The relative frequency of isolated individual endophytic fungal group consists of hyphomycetes (41.5%), coelomycetes (32.4%), ascomycetes (13.4%), zygomycetes (4.2%) and sterile fungi (8.5%). Among the fungal isolates, Scytalidium acidophilum and Mycosphaerella sp. were recorded as the most dominant fungal isolates in the leaf tissues, Cladosporium cladosporioides and Colletotrichum falcatum were observed as the dominant endophytic fungal isolates in the stem tissues and Botryodiplodia theobromae was found to be predominant species in bark tissues of C. guianensis. The species of Colletotrichum were found only in stem tissues. Therefore, the endophytic mycodiversity were high and abundant and they were distinctly associated with host plant. All statistical analyses confirmed that leaf tissues contained more endophytes than the stem and bark while Colletotrichum exhibited organ specificity. The present study revealed that the sacred tree C. guianensis is one of the ecological niches for sheltering endophytic mycoflora eventhough in harsh climatic conditions.
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