RESUMOA análise tomográfica de impulso é um método não destrutivo que permite analisar o interior do lenho de árvores pela passagem de ondas produzidas mecanicamente, tornando possível realizar uma avaliação prévia e detectar a presença de defeitos na madeira. Neste estudo, utilizouse o tomógrafo de impulso ARBOTOM para analisar o lenho de árvores de Pinus caribaea e associar o efeito da umidade na formação da imagem tomográfica. Os resultados mostraram que existe uma associação entre a umidade da madeira e a velocidade de propagação da onda mecânica gerada pelo tomógrafo de impulso, confirmando o seu efeito na formação da imagem tomográfica.Palavras-chave: imagem tomográfica, métodos não destrutivos.
Effect of Wood Moisture on the Propagation of Mechanical Waves
ABSTRACTImpulse tomography analysis is a non-destructive method that enables the visualization of the interior of the wood of trees through the passage of mechanical waves, making it possible to perform a preliminary examination and notice the presence of defects in the wood. ARBOTOM impulse tomography was used to analyze the wood of Pinus caribaea located at 'Instituto de Florestas' of the 'Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro' . It was possible to detect the moisture associated with the propagation speed of the mechanical wave generated by the scanner pulse, confirming its influence on the tomography image.
The objective was to evaluate the elasticity dynamic modulus reduction (MOEd) and deterioration of E. grandis thermorectificated wood by exposure to environmental weathering. Six trees were used to obtain 14 logs of 2,4m, with seven from external (sapwood) and the others from internal (heartwood) part of the trunk. A total of 84 wood samples of 2,5x 5x 50cm were made, with half from the inner and the other from the external trunk portion. 14 treatments were evaluated with six replicates composed of thermorectificated wood submitted two differents times (2 and 4 hours) and three temperatures (200, 215 and 230˚C). An ultrasound Stress Wave Timer device was used to evaluate MOEd and the mass measured by weighing. Samples remained in the decay test field for ten months, and monthly inspected and recorded to xylophogous organism's occurrence. At the end of this period MOEd and mass were revaluated. The central portion of wood samples were more deteriorated, with mass losses and stiffness losses ranging from (8-56%) and (18-91%), respectively. Lower values were observed in the wood coming from the external portion, with mass losses and stiffness ranging from (3-10%) and (8-20%), respectively. The thermorectificated wood samples were more damaged by action the termites and less by the action of fungi, compared to controls.
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