Road maintenance and cleaning in winter are performed with ploughshares. Due to the fact that the layer of snow and ice that is removed from the road surface contains various hard impurities, ploughshares are exposed to high intensity abrasive wear. This article deals with the resistance to abrasive wear of originally used ploughshare materials and the materials that were designed as a suitable modification of the ploughshare to increase its service life. The chemical composition of materials used to manufacture ploughshare components is unknown. For this reason, they were analyzed with an ARL 4460 spectrometer, which was used to analyze the element content. The main part of the research was focused on the abrasion resistance test, which was performed according to the GOST 23.208-79 standard. Based on the chemical analysis, it was found that the basic body of the ploughshare was made of S355J2G3 steel, and the raking blade material was made of 37MnSi5 steel. The original material (steel S355J2G3) of the ploughshare body as a reference standard was compared to steel HARDOX 450. Furthermore, a sample made of the original material of the raking blade (steel 37MnSi5) was used as a reference standard, the properties of which were compared to the newly designed OK 84.58 and UTP 690 hardfacing materials. The parametric test method of statistical hypotheses was also used to process and evaluate the weight losses of the selected materials.
The article presents partial results of research to increase the service life of snow ploughshares, which are used for winter maintenance of forest transport roads. The main working tool of vehicles -snow plough is the arrow ploughshare. It is made as a weldment. The contact tool, when in contact with the road, is the rake blade, which is subject to abrasive wear. The experiment consisted of analysing the current state of materials, designing and exploring such options that would ensure a longer service life of the blades. Welding material was designed to be applied to the base material of the blade. Furthermore, the HARDOX 450 was designed for the production of the whole ploughshare. The last design was welding HARDOX 450 with an electrode OK 48.00 with the base material steel 11 484. This proposal is presented in more detail in the article. The hardness of HBW, HV and HRC was measured on the samples and microscopic analysis was performed using light and electron microscopy. The aim was to determine the quality of the connection of materials, mixing in the connection zone and comparison with the condition on the original blade. It is assumed that a suitable choice of welding electrode or a suitable choice of abrasion-resistant steel can achieve an effective increase in the life of the snow plougshare, whether from a technical or economic point of view.
The article is devoted to the influence of mold filling parameters by the HPDC -High Pressure Die Casting method on the mechanical and structural properties of castings intended for technology and mechanization means in forestry. Three groups of AlSi10MnMg alloy samples were formed for the experiment. Three different settings of mold cavity filling parameters were chosen. Two castings were made from each setting. Two samples were taken from two places on the casts. Thus, 12 pieces of samples were used for the experiment. An analysis of their mechanical properties was performed using a static tensile test. Tensile strength, yield strength and ductility were evaluated. The microstructure was evaluated by light optical microscopy. The influence of process parameters on the quality of the casting was monitored from the point of view of the occurrence of errors, defects and the method and size of the exclusion of structural phases. The experimental results showed that the best results were obtained when the process parameters of the first group of samples were set. Their values are the closest to the customer's requirements. Forest technology HPDC -High Pressure Die Casting Mechanical Properties Microstructue AlSi10MnMg
Analysis of damaged delimber knives and the possibility of increasing their service lifeMiroslava Ťavodová (0000-0002-7376-4189) 1 , Monika Vargová (0000-0003-0473-9032) 1 , Jozef Krilek (0000-0002-8349-5269) 1 , Dana Stančeková (0000-0003-0713-8750) 2
To ensure the care of forests, it is necessary to make them sufficiently accessible by forest roads. The basic working tool are hammers, or round shanks of various shapes, composed of a body and a tip. They are subject to a strong abrasive environment, which often leads to damage up to the complete destruction of the functional part of the tool. For these reasons, it is necessary to deal with the possibilities for increasing their lifetime. One of the possibilities of increasing the service life of these tools is hardfacing by welding. The article deals with the abrasive resistance of the original material of the tool and the hardfacing materials. Based on the chemical analysis of the base material of the tool, we found that the tool is made of manganese steel 38Mn6. This material was used as a standard and was compared with the hardfacing materials Abradur 58, E DUR 600, UTP DUR 600 and OK 84.58. Electron microscopy was used to evaluate the microstructure. Next, the Rockwell hardness measurement was performed on the samples. The original tool material 38Mn6 reached the lowest hardness value, namely, 21 HRC. The highest value was reached by the hardfacing material E DUR 600, namely, 59 HRC. Subsequently, a test of resistance to abrasive wear was performed according to GOST 23.208-79. Based on this test, we can conclude that the highest value of resistance to abrasive wear was achieved by Abradur 58. Even though the hardness of this coating was slightly lower than the hardfacing material E DUR 600, specifically 56 HRC, we can state that this hardfacing material (Abradur 58) achieved the best results among the investigated materials.
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