Although the results provide clear evidence for intervention effects, it appeared as if maturational factors also played a role. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for treatment and for characterizing development in SLI.

Whole-brain imaging with light-sheet fluorescence microscopy and optically cleared tissue is a new, rapidly developing research field. Whereas successful attempts to clear and image mouse brain have been reported, a similar result for rats has proven difficult to achieve. Herein, we report on creating novel transgenic rat harboring fluorescent reporter GFP under control of neuronal gene promoter. We then present data on clearing the rat brain, showing that FluoClearBABB was found superior over passive CLARITY and CUBIC methods. Finally, we demonstrate efficient imaging of the rat brain using light-sheet fluorescence microscopy.

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The available evidence suggests that patients with normocalcemic PHPT develop complications of PHPT, despite having normal calcium levels. Most data come from referral populations and information regarding a mild, asymptomatic form of the disease is lacking. Future research requires a standardized approach to the diagnostic criteria of normocalcemic PHPT.

The limited evidence available suggests that the proposed markers may be at best suggestive of LI in English. Future research may refine existing marker tasks to increase their accuracy and test the most promising tasks in unselected samples of participants with and without LI.

The structure of a two-dimensional film formed by adsorbed polymer chains was studied by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The polymer chains were represented by linear sequences of lattice beads and positions of these beads were restricted to vertices of a two-dimensional square lattice. Two different Monte Carlo methods were employed to determine the properties of the model system. The first was the random sequential adsorption (RSA) and the second one was based on Monte Carlo simulations with a Verdier-Stockmayer sampling algorithm. The methodology concerning the determination of the percolation thresholds for an infinite chain system was discussed. The influence of the chain length on both thresholds was presented and discussed. It was shown that the RSA method gave considerably lower thresholds for longer chains. This behavior can be explained by a different pool of chain conformations used in the calculations in both methods under consideration.FigureThe percolation cluster (in red) in the system consisting of long flexible chains

Purpose-The goals of this investigation were to determine whether gains in the use of tense and agreement morphemes by children with specific language impairment (SLI) during a 96-session intervention period would still be evident one month following treatment, and whether these treatment effects would be greater than those seen in children with SLI receiving otherwise similar treatment that did not emphasize tense and agreement morphemes.Method-Thirty-three children with SLI (age 3;0 to 4;8) served as participants. The children participated in one of three treatment conditions. The conditions emphasized third person singular -s, auxiliary is/are/was, or general language stimulation. The children's use of third person singular -s, auxiliary is/are/was, and past tense -ed was assessed through probes administered throughout treatment, and one month later.Results-The children in the conditions that targeted third person singular -s and auxiliary is/ are/was showed significant gains on their respective target morphemes and these gains were maintained one month later. These gains were significantly greater than the gains seen on the same morphemes by the children receiving general language stimulation. For most children, use of the target morphemes did not approach mastery levels by the end of the study.Conclusions-Intervention that emphasizes morphemes that mark both tense and agreement can be relatively successful, with gains still apparent at least one month following intervention.This report presents data from the third phase of a research project on the acquisition of tense and agreement morphemes by children with specific language impairment (SLI) during intervention. The first two phases were presented in this Journal by Leonard, Camarata, Brown, and Camarata (2004) and Leonard, Camarata, Pawłowska, Brown, and Camarata (2006).In the previous studies (Leonard et al., 2004;Leonard et al., 2006), children with SLI aged 3 to 4 years participated in one of two treatment conditions. One condition focused on the target morpheme third person singular -s; the other condition centered on the target morphemes auxiliary is/are/was. (Hereafter, children assigned to these conditions are referred to as the 3S and AUX children, respectively.) All of the children showed limited or no use of these morphemes prior to treatment. Other developmentally appropriate morphemes used rarely if at all by the children were also monitored during this period, but NIH Public Access