Background
A previous study has defined the maculopapular subtype of manifestations of COVID‐19.
Objectives
To describe and classify maculopapular eruptions associated with COVI‐19.
Methods
We carried out a subanalysis of the maculopapular cases found in the previous cross‐sectional study. Using a consensus, we defined 7 clinical patterns. We described patient demographics, the therapy received by the patient and the characteristics of each pattern.
Results
Consensus lead to the description of 7 major maculopapular patterns: Morbilliform (45.5%), Other maculopapular (20.0%), Purpuric (14.2%), Erythema multiforme‐like (9.7%), Pytiriasis rosea‐like (5.7%), Erythema elevatum diutinum‐like (2.3%) and Perifollicular (2.3%). In most cases, maculopapular eruptions were coincident (61.9%) or subsequent (34.1%) to the onset of other COVID‐19 manifestations. The most frequent were cough (76%), dyspnea (72%), fever (88%), and astenia (62%). Hospital admission due to pneumonia was frequent (61%). Drug intake was frequent (78%). Laboratory alterations associated with maculo‐papular eruptions were high C‐reactive protein, high D‐Dimer, lymphopenia, high ferritin, high LDH, and high IL‐6.
Limitations
The impossibility to define the cause–effect relationship of each pattern.
Conclusion
We provide a description of the cutaneous maculopapular manifestations associated with COVID‐19. The cutaneous manifestations of COVID‐19 are wide‐ranging and can mimic other dermatoses.
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Non-Melanoma skin cancer is one of the most frequent types of cancer.
Early detection is encouraged so as to ensure the best treatment,
Hyperspectral imaging is a promising technique for non-invasive
inspection of skin lesions, however, the optimal wavelengths for these
purposes are yet to be conclusively determined. A visible-near
infrared hyperspectral camera with an ad-hoc built platform was used
for image acquisition in the present study. Robust statistical
techniques were used to conclude an optimal range between 573.45 and
779.88 nm to distinguish between healthy and non-healthy skin.
Wavelengths between 429.16 and 520.17 nm were additionally found to be
optimal for the differentiation between cancer types.
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a rapidly spreading pandemic, secondary to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The severity and the little knowledge that we have of the disease have made us focus mostly on the respiratory symptoms. As we bend the curve, other findings reported in association with COVID-19 become of importance for specialists to recognize. We describe the spectrum of clinicopathologic lesions in the skin that can be the only symptom or the first manifestation of COVID-19 and demonstrate the origin of the virus. We collected 25 patients with skin lesions in this context. We recognized 5 types of cutaneous manifestations including acute acroischemic or chilblain-like lesions (11), purpura palpable (2), exanthemas (9), urticarial eruptions (1), and other lesions (2) that might appear with more unspecific pictures. Chilblain-like lesions were the most common form of presentation, which tend to appear as self-healing, erythematous-necrotic plaques mostly on the feet, in young patients with no systemic symptoms associated. Importantly, we visualized viral particles with electron microscopy in 5 of 13 cases analyzed. In this study, we seek to draw a picture of the spectrum of clinicopathologic lesions that may appear in the skin in the context of COVID-19. Although apparently skin lesions are not correlated with disease severity, it may help in some cases to recognize and control the spread of the infection sooner.
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